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@ -652,10 +652,9 @@ collected data visually. This section presents the study discussion
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results, their frequencies, and some of the participants' statements and
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opinions.
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INSERT TABLE OR FIGURE 3?
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**~~Figure 3. The graph shows the responses of participants regarding the early representation of Nubians in the media.~~**
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*Figure. 3 shows the responses of participants regarding the early
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representation of Nubians in the media.*
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Graph 3 represents the distribution of the first discussion question. As
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Figure 3 reveals there are twenty-one participants stating that the
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@ -725,8 +724,8 @@ fifty-year-old female expressed her disappointment with the current
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portrayal of Nubians in the media, particularly the use of heavily
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accented Arabic which often contains linguistic errors.
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*Figure. 4 It exhibits the distribution of the recent representations of
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Nubian in the media.*
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**~~Figure 4. The graph exhibits the distribution of the recent representations of Nubian in the media.~~**
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On the other hand, participant 21, a young male in his twenties,
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observed a slight improvement in the representation of Nubians on social
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@ -743,8 +742,8 @@ the representation of Nubians in movies and soap operas. Discussions of
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media platforms such as social media are outside the scope of this
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paper.
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*Figure. 5 It presents Nubians views regarding their in movies and soap
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operas.*
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**~~Figure 5. The graph presents Nubians views regarding their portrayals in movies and soap operas.~~**
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As shown in Figure 5, there is a total consensus among Nubians that
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there is a high prejudice and bigotry in Egyptian soap operas and
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@ -783,8 +782,10 @@ Notable examples include *aj-ga ʤilli* 'Remember me',[^38] uploaded in
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2011 and *Sono* 'roots' in 2020,[^39] both of them offering viewers a
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more accurate and respectful look at the richness of Nubian culture.
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*Figure. 6 It exhibits objective Nubian portrayal in documentary
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movies.*
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**~~Figure 6. The graph exhibits objective Nubian portrayal in documentary movies.~~**
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Similarly, music videos have an essential and promising role in
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maintaining the Nubian language and cultural heritage.[^40] These music
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@ -797,8 +798,10 @@ Nubian representations in music videos amounts to 18% compared to the
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frequency of the ingenuine representations of Nubians in YouTube video
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clips.
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*Figure. 7 Showing responses of Nubian participant about their portrayal
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in music videos*
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**~~Figure 7. The graph shows responses of Nubian participants about their portrayal in music videos.~~**
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Participant 22, a young male in his twenties, explained that Nubian
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music videos have "Touched the hearts and souls of millions of
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@ -837,8 +840,9 @@ important issues for Nubians in Egypt including Nubian forced
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relocations, the sacredness of the Nile River to Nubians, and various
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Nubian customs and home lifestyles.
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*Figure. 8 A picture of Mohamed Mounir, a Nubian Egyptian legend singer
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and actor. Source: Google (2022).*
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**~~Figure 8. A picture of Mohamed Mounir, a Nubian Egyptian legend singer and actor. Source: Google (2022).~~**
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In an interview with the Egyptian pop singer, Eyre asked Mounir about
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his Nubian roots and history during his lifetime.[^41] In responding to
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@ -871,8 +875,9 @@ his songs by heart even without understanding them. He further explained
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that Mounir's music often incorporates traditional Nubian rhythms and
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themes, which resonate with listeners across different backgrounds."
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*Figure. 9 The graph reflects the participants' views about Mounir's
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role.*
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**~~Figure 9. The graph reflects the participants' views about Mounir's role.~~**
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The traditional Nubian clothing is white *galabia*, "a white garment"
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for males, and a black *gargaar*, "a black dress, usually colored
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@ -883,8 +888,9 @@ headscarves. Discussion question seven aimed to show how the
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participants feel about the recurring pattern of clothing authenticity
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in the production of songs and documentary movies.
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*Figure. 10 The picture portrays a woman and man wearing traditional
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Nubian clothing. Source: Twitter (2000).*
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**~~Figure 10. The picture portrays a woman and man wearing traditional Nubian clothing. Source: Twitter (2000).~~**
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The survey found that 77% of the participants concluded that the white
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*galabia* and the black *gargaar* are traditional and national Nubian
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@ -914,8 +920,9 @@ and distinctive feature to honor the culture. Figure 11 shows the
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frequency of participants' responses to the authenticity of Nubian
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clothing representations in music videos and documentary movies.
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*Figure. 11 The graph compares the distribution of the clothing
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authenticity utilized in music songs and documentaries.*
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**~~Figure 11. The graph compares the distribution of the clothing authenticity utilized in music songs and documentaries.~~**
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Moving from the apparel represented and utilized in videotaped songs and
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documentaries, we are now in a position to present the discussion
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@ -925,8 +932,9 @@ wear and portray non-traditional Nubian costumes that are characterized
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by unusual patterns or designs and very bright colours, as shown in the
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picture below.
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*Figure. 12 It represents unconventional Nubian costumes used by art-pop
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bands. Source: Google (2022).*
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**~~Figure 12. The picture represents unconventional Nubian costumes used by art-pop bands. Source: Google (2022).~~**
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When asked about their opinions, all the participants (100%) entirely
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agree that the costumes used by art-pop musical bands are unauthentic
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@ -947,8 +955,9 @@ and fabricated pictures of Nubians." Figure 13 exemplifies the
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discussion results of costumes used by musical bands on shows and
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programs.
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*Figure. 13 The graph shows the communal agreement of the costume
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unauthenticity.*
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**~~Figure 13. The graph shows the communal agreement of the costume unauthenticity.~~**
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The last discussion question was dedicated to learning about the
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opinions of the participating speakers in a famous Egyptian cartoon show
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@ -960,8 +969,9 @@ series by other singers. There are ten seasons of the cartoon show and
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the latest release was in 2016. Figure 14 shows a poster of Bakkar and
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some of the main characters in the animated series.
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*Figure. 14 A picture of Bakkar, his pet goat, and his friends. Source:
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Google (2022)*
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**~~Figure 14. A picture of Bakkar, his pet goat, and his friends. Source: Google (2022).~~**
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Figure 15 shows considerable disagreement on Nubian representation in
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the *Bakkar* cartoon: more than half of the participants (55%) consider
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@ -995,8 +1005,9 @@ antiquities theft." Participant 19, a forty-year-old female observed
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that *Bakkar* is a "very popular cartoon among Egyptian children and my
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children. It shows the Nubian values and heritage."
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*Figure. 15 The graph exhibits the participants' views regarding the
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Nubian representations in Bakkar Cartoon.*
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**~~Figure 15. The graph exhibits the participants' views regarding the Nubian representations in Bakkar Cartoon.~~**
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As shown in the nine discussion questions, the focus group highly agrees
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on numerous discussion points, including the early discriminatory
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