tahanew

content/article/asmaataha.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ stigmatized and ridiculed in the Egyptian media. Nubian speakers of the
 Fadija and Mattoki vernaculars in Egypt are associated with
 unintelligible or incompetent Arabic, dark-skinned people, working
 lower-class jobs, and so on. Among the negative indexes used in Egyptian
-media to refer to Nubians are *barbari* 'barbarian,' *bijurt^ʕ^un*
+media to refer to Nubians are *barbari* 'barbarian,' *bijurt<sup>ʕ</sup>un*
 'speaking gibberish,' or *bijtkalem ʕarabi mekasar* 'speaking broken
 Arabic.' These pejorative and prevalent images are extensively
 emphasized by the media. These constant negative indexes have compelled
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ positive movements and portrayals of Nubians. The need for fluency in
 Arabic, a skill that carries power and prestige in several domains such
 as education, religion, and public media, cannot be denied. However,
 public awareness and counterstereotypes are urgently needed among
-Egyptians---Nubians, and non- Nubians---to construct positive stances
+Egyptians---Nubians, and non-Nubians---to construct positive stances
 and provide authentic representations of the Nubian language and
 culture.
 
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ to the marginalization of Nubians and perpetuate harmful stereotypes,
 underscoring ongoing issues with representation in the media.
 
 Two recent soap operas stand out as exceptions to the general portrayal
-of Nubians. The first soap opera is *as^ʕ^diqaa* 'Friends,' 29-episode
+of Nubians. The first soap opera is *as<sup>ʕ</sup>diqaa* 'Friends,' 29-episode
 series streamed in 2002. In this show, the Nubian character was not
 treated as an equal by one of the friends, but rather as an outsider
 included only because of a mutual friend who did who does business with
@@ -445,8 +445,8 @@ your heart to be black, just like your face."[^25] This film contains
 numerous racist and discriminatory indexes, perpetuating harmful
 stereotypes
 
-*Figure. 1 shows a non-Nubian actor named Soliman Eid in blackface
-pretending to be Nubian. Source: ʕija:l ħabiba 'love birds' (2005)*
+![The screenshot shows a non-Nubian actor named Soliman Eid in blackface pretending to be Nubian. Source: ʕija:l ħabiba 'love birds' (2005).](../static/images/taha/fig1.jpg "The screenshot shows a non-Nubian actor named Soliman Eid in blackface pretending to be Nubian. Source: ʕija:l ħabiba 'love birds' (2005).")
+**~~Figure 1. The screenshot shows a non-Nubian actor named Soliman Eid in blackface pretending to be Nubian. Source: ʕija:l ħabiba 'love birds' (2005).~~**
 
 Similarly, media makers explicitly and frequently make several direct
 insults and negative indexes about Nubians by hurling clear and
@@ -456,10 +456,10 @@ TV in 2013, a major female actress, Ragaa Al-Giddawy, refers to the
 Nubian male character and his family as "barbarians" saying "Listen, I
 won't let you marry my daughter unless you bring all your barbarian
 folks right here to ask for her hand in marriage."[^26] In another soap
-opera *ħuru:f ilnas^ʕ^b* 'Letters of Fraud', released in 2000, the actor
+opera *ħuru:f ilnas<sup>ʕ</sup>b* 'Letters of Fraud', released in 2000, the actor
 Hisham Selim impersonates a Nubian by wearing waiter apparel, darkening
 his face, and referring to himself as "Othman Abdel El-basset, the one
-Egyptian barbarian."[^27] In a movie produced in 1998 *s^ʕ^eʕidi fi
+Egyptian barbarian."[^27] In a movie produced in 1998 *s<sup>ʕ</sup>eʕidi fi
 ilgamʕa ilamerikja* 'An upper-Egyptian at the American University of
 Cairo', the actor Mohamed Henedi, tells a minor Nubian female character
 "No need to turn the light off. I cannot see your face already. Your