diff --git a/content/article/asmaataha.md b/content/article/asmaataha.md index f5e22d6..b29018d 100644 --- a/content/article/asmaataha.md +++ b/content/article/asmaataha.md @@ -652,10 +652,9 @@ collected data visually. This section presents the study discussion results, their frequencies, and some of the participants' statements and opinions. -INSERT TABLE OR FIGURE 3? +![The graph shows the responses of participants regarding the early representation of Nubians in the media.](../static/images/taha/fig3.jpg "The graph shows the responses of participants regarding the early representation of Nubians in the media.") +**~~Figure 3. The graph shows the responses of participants regarding the early representation of Nubians in the media.~~** -*Figure. 3 shows the responses of participants regarding the early -representation of Nubians in the media.* Graph 3 represents the distribution of the first discussion question. As Figure 3 reveals there are twenty-one participants stating that the @@ -725,8 +724,8 @@ fifty-year-old female expressed her disappointment with the current portrayal of Nubians in the media, particularly the use of heavily accented Arabic which often contains linguistic errors. -*Figure. 4 It exhibits the distribution of the recent representations of -Nubian in the media.* +![The graph exhibits the distribution of the recent representations of Nubian in the media.](../static/images/taha/fig4.jpg "The graph exhibits the distribution of the recent representations of Nubian in the media.") +**~~Figure 4. The graph exhibits the distribution of the recent representations of Nubian in the media.~~** On the other hand, participant 21, a young male in his twenties, observed a slight improvement in the representation of Nubians on social @@ -743,8 +742,8 @@ the representation of Nubians in movies and soap operas. Discussions of media platforms such as social media are outside the scope of this paper. -*Figure. 5 It presents Nubians views regarding their in movies and soap -operas.* +![The graph presents Nubians views regarding their portrayals in movies and soap operas.](../static/images/taha/fig5.jpg "The graph presents Nubians views regarding their portrayals in movies and soap operas.") +**~~Figure 5. The graph presents Nubians views regarding their portrayals in movies and soap operas.~~** As shown in Figure 5, there is a total consensus among Nubians that there is a high prejudice and bigotry in Egyptian soap operas and @@ -783,8 +782,10 @@ Notable examples include *aj-ga ʤilli* 'Remember me',[^38] uploaded in 2011 and *Sono* 'roots' in 2020,[^39] both of them offering viewers a more accurate and respectful look at the richness of Nubian culture. -*Figure. 6 It exhibits objective Nubian portrayal in documentary -movies.* + +![The graph exhibits objective Nubian portrayal in documentary movies.](../static/images/taha/fig6.jpg "The graph exhibits objective Nubian portrayal in documentary movies.") +**~~Figure 6. The graph exhibits objective Nubian portrayal in documentary movies.~~** + Similarly, music videos have an essential and promising role in maintaining the Nubian language and cultural heritage.[^40] These music @@ -797,8 +798,10 @@ Nubian representations in music videos amounts to 18% compared to the frequency of the ingenuine representations of Nubians in YouTube video clips. -*Figure. 7 Showing responses of Nubian participant about their portrayal -in music videos* + +![The graph shows responses of Nubian participants about their portrayal in music videos.](../static/images/taha/fig7.jpg "The graph shows responses of Nubian participants about their portrayal in music videos.") +**~~Figure 7. The graph shows responses of Nubian participants about their portrayal in music videos.~~** + Participant 22, a young male in his twenties, explained that Nubian music videos have "Touched the hearts and souls of millions of @@ -837,8 +840,9 @@ important issues for Nubians in Egypt including Nubian forced relocations, the sacredness of the Nile River to Nubians, and various Nubian customs and home lifestyles. -*Figure. 8 A picture of Mohamed Mounir, a Nubian Egyptian legend singer -and actor. Source: Google (2022).* +![A picture of Mohamed Mounir, a Nubian Egyptian legend singer and actor. Source: Google (2022).](../static/images/taha/fig8.jpg "A picture of Mohamed Mounir, a Nubian Egyptian legend singer and actor. Source: Google (2022).") +**~~Figure 8. A picture of Mohamed Mounir, a Nubian Egyptian legend singer and actor. Source: Google (2022).~~** + In an interview with the Egyptian pop singer, Eyre asked Mounir about his Nubian roots and history during his lifetime.[^41] In responding to @@ -871,8 +875,9 @@ his songs by heart even without understanding them. He further explained that Mounir's music often incorporates traditional Nubian rhythms and themes, which resonate with listeners across different backgrounds." -*Figure. 9 The graph reflects the participants' views about Mounir's -role.* +![The graph reflects the participants' views about Mounir's role.](../static/images/taha/fig9.jpg "The graph reflects the participants' views about Mounir's role.") +**~~Figure 9. The graph reflects the participants' views about Mounir's role.~~** + The traditional Nubian clothing is white *galabia*, "a white garment" for males, and a black *gargaar*, "a black dress, usually colored @@ -883,8 +888,9 @@ headscarves. Discussion question seven aimed to show how the participants feel about the recurring pattern of clothing authenticity in the production of songs and documentary movies. -*Figure. 10 The picture portrays a woman and man wearing traditional -Nubian clothing. Source: Twitter (2000).* +![The picture portrays a woman and man wearing traditional Nubian clothing. Source: Twitter (2000).](../static/images/taha/fig10.jpg "The picture portrays a woman and man wearing traditional Nubian clothing. Source: Twitter (2000).") +**~~Figure 10. The picture portrays a woman and man wearing traditional Nubian clothing. Source: Twitter (2000).~~** + The survey found that 77% of the participants concluded that the white *galabia* and the black *gargaar* are traditional and national Nubian @@ -914,8 +920,9 @@ and distinctive feature to honor the culture. Figure 11 shows the frequency of participants' responses to the authenticity of Nubian clothing representations in music videos and documentary movies. -*Figure. 11 The graph compares the distribution of the clothing -authenticity utilized in music songs and documentaries.* +![The graph compares the distribution of the clothing authenticity utilized in music songs and documentaries.](../static/images/taha/fig11.jpg "The graph compares the distribution of the clothing authenticity utilized in music songs and documentaries.") +**~~Figure 11. The graph compares the distribution of the clothing authenticity utilized in music songs and documentaries.~~** + Moving from the apparel represented and utilized in videotaped songs and documentaries, we are now in a position to present the discussion @@ -925,8 +932,9 @@ wear and portray non-traditional Nubian costumes that are characterized by unusual patterns or designs and very bright colours, as shown in the picture below. -*Figure. 12 It represents unconventional Nubian costumes used by art-pop -bands. Source: Google (2022).* +![The picture represents unconventional Nubian costumes used by art-pop bands. Source: Google (2022).](../static/images/taha/fig12.jpg "The picture represents unconventional Nubian costumes used by art-pop bands. Source: Google (2022).") +**~~Figure 12. The picture represents unconventional Nubian costumes used by art-pop bands. Source: Google (2022).~~** + When asked about their opinions, all the participants (100%) entirely agree that the costumes used by art-pop musical bands are unauthentic @@ -947,8 +955,9 @@ and fabricated pictures of Nubians." Figure 13 exemplifies the discussion results of costumes used by musical bands on shows and programs. -*Figure. 13 The graph shows the communal agreement of the costume -unauthenticity.* +![The graph shows the communal agreement of the costume unauthenticity.](../static/images/taha/fig13.jpg "The graph shows the communal agreement of the costume unauthenticity.") +**~~Figure 13. The graph shows the communal agreement of the costume unauthenticity.~~** + The last discussion question was dedicated to learning about the opinions of the participating speakers in a famous Egyptian cartoon show @@ -960,8 +969,9 @@ series by other singers. There are ten seasons of the cartoon show and the latest release was in 2016. Figure 14 shows a poster of Bakkar and some of the main characters in the animated series. -*Figure. 14 A picture of Bakkar, his pet goat, and his friends. Source: -Google (2022)* +![A picture of Bakkar, his pet goat, and his friends. Source: Google (2022).](../static/images/taha/fig14.jpg "A picture of Bakkar, his pet goat, and his friends. Source: Google (2022).") +**~~Figure 14. A picture of Bakkar, his pet goat, and his friends. Source: Google (2022).~~** + Figure 15 shows considerable disagreement on Nubian representation in the *Bakkar* cartoon: more than half of the participants (55%) consider @@ -995,8 +1005,9 @@ antiquities theft." Participant 19, a forty-year-old female observed that *Bakkar* is a "very popular cartoon among Egyptian children and my children. It shows the Nubian values and heritage." -*Figure. 15 The graph exhibits the participants' views regarding the -Nubian representations in Bakkar Cartoon.* +![The graph exhibits the participants' views regarding the Nubian representations in Bakkar Cartoon.](../static/images/taha/fig15.jpg "The graph exhibits the participants' views regarding the Nubian representations in Bakkar Cartoon.") +**~~Figure 15. The graph exhibits the participants' views regarding the Nubian representations in Bakkar Cartoon.~~** + As shown in the nine discussion questions, the focus group highly agrees on numerous discussion points, including the early discriminatory