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@ -1490,148 +1490,147 @@ Africa." *Antiquity* 88/339 (2014): pp. 95-111.
Wilkinson, Toby A.H. *Early Dynastic Egypt*. London: Routledge, 1999.
[^1]: For general discussions of the concept ethnogenesis, see ROOSENS,
*Creating Ethnicity,* and WEIK "The Archaeology of Ethnogenesis."
[^1]: For general discussions of the concept ethnogenesis, see Roosens,
*Creating Ethnicity,* and Weik, "The Archaeology of Ethnogenesis."
[^2]: Nordström divided the A-Group into three stages, Early,
Classic/Middle, and Terminal, in his seminal work *Neolithic and
A-Group Sites*, p. 18.
[^3]: VOSS, "What's new?" p. 656.
[^3]: Voss, "What's new?" p. 656.
[^4]: BATESON, *Naven*.
[^4]: Bateson, *Naven*.
[^5]: WENGROW and GRAEBER, "Many Seasons Ago," p. 238. See also GRAEBER
and WENGROW, *The Dawn of Everything*, especially Chapter 5.
[^5]: Wengrow and Graeber, "Many Seasons Ago," p. 238. See also Graeber
and Wengrow, *The Dawn of Everything*, especially Chapter 5.
[^6]: TRIGGER, *History and Settlement in Lower Nubia*, p. 14.
[^6]: Trigger, *History and Settlement in Lower Nubia*, p. 14.
[^7]: See NORDSTRÖM, *Neolithic and A-Group Sites*, p. 19 for a brief
[^7]: See Nordström, *Neolithic and A-Group Sites*, p. 19 for a brief
reference to the violent cases noted by Elliot Smith and Wood Jones
(see below).
[^8]: WENGROW et al., "Cultural Convergence in the Neolithic of the Nile
[^8]: Wengrow et al., "Cultural Convergence in the Neolithic of the Nile
Valley," pp. 102-103.
[^9]: STEVENSON, "The Egyptian Predynastic and State Formation," p. 431.
[^9]: Stevenson, "The Egyptian Predynastic and State Formation," p. 431.
[^10]: BARD, "Political Economies of Predynastic Egypt and the Formation
[^10]: Bard, "Political Economies of Predynastic Egypt and the Formation
of the Early State," p. 6 and p. 12.
[^11]: BARD, "Political Economies of Predynastic Egypt and the Formation
of the Early State," p. 1; "KÖHLER, "Prehistoric Egypt," p. 144;
STEVENSON, "The Egyptian Predynastic and State Formation," p. 451.
[^11]: Bard, "Political Economies of Predynastic Egypt and the Formation
of the Early State," p. 1; Köhler, "Prehistoric Egypt," p. 144;
Stevenson, "The Egyptian Predynastic and State Formation," p. 451.
[^12]: See DEE et al., "An Absolute Chronology for Early Egypt," for
[^12]: See Dee et al., "An Absolute Chronology for Early Egypt," for
absolute dates.
[^13]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^13]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, p. 123.
[^14]:
### NORDSTRÖM, *Neolithic and A-Group sites*; HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, "Hierarchy and Heterarchy"; ROY, *The Politics of Trade*; GLÜCK, "The Heritage of the A-Group"; GATTO, "The A-Group and 4^th^ Millennium BCE Nubia."
[^14]: Nordström, *Neolithic and A-Group sites*; Hafsaas-Tsakos, "Hierarchy and Heterarchy"; Roy, *The Politics of Trade*; Glück, "The Heritage of the A-Group"; Gatto, "The A-Group and 4^th^ Millennium BCE Nubia."
[^15]: See for instance TAKAMIYA, "Egyptian Pottery Distribution in
[^15]: See for instance Takamiya, "Egyptian Pottery Distribution in
A-Group Cemeteries," p. 56 for the establishment of the contact, and
HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging State
Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging State
of Ancient Egypt*, p. 337.
[^16]: WENGROW et al., "Cultural Convergence in the Neolithic of the
Nile Valley," p. 98; GATTO, "The A-Group and 4^th^ Millennium BCE
[^16]: Wengrow et al., "Cultural Convergence in the Neolithic of the
Nile Valley," p. 98; Gatto, "The A-Group and 4th Millennium BCE
Nubia," p. 129.
[^17]: Some examples from the last 20 years: HENDRICKX,
"Predynastic---Early Dynastic Chronology," p. 71 and p. 76; WENGROW,
*The Archaeology of Early Egypt*, p. 75; BARD, "Political Economies
of Predynastic Egypt and the Formation of the Early State"; GATTO,
"The A-Group and 4^th^ Millennium BCE Nubia," p. 127 and p. 129.
[^17]: Some examples from the last 20 years: Hendrickx,
"Predynastic---Early Dynastic Chronology," p. 71 and p. 76; Wengrow,
*The Archaeology of Early Egypt*, p. 75; Bard, "Political Economies
of Predynastic Egypt and the Formation of the Early State"; Gatto,
"The A-Group and 4th Millennium BCE Nubia," p. 127 and p. 129.
[^18]: Also spelled Kubaniya and Kubaniyeh.
[^19]: Some examples from the last 20 years: EDWARDS, *The Nubian past,*
pp. 68-69; NORDSTRÖM, "The Nubian A-Group," p. 134; TAKAMIYA,
[^19]: Some examples from the last 20 years: Edwards, *The Nubian past,*
pp. 68-69; Nordström, "The Nubian A-Group," p. 134; Takamiya,
"Egyptian Pottery Distribution in A-Group Cemeteries," p. 41;
FRIEDMAN, "The Nubian Cemetery at Hierakonpolis," p. 62; TÖRÖK,
*Between Two Worlds*, p. 35; ROY, *The Politics of Trade*, p. 49;
GLÜCK, "The Heritage of the A-Group," p. 199; MEURER, "Nubians in
Friedman, "The Nubian Cemetery at Hierakonpolis," p. 62; Török,
*Between Two Worlds*, p. 35; Roy, *The Politics of Trade*, p. 49;
Glück, "The Heritage of the A-Group," p. 199; Meurer, "Nubians in
Egypt from the Early Dynastic Period to the New Kingdom," p. 290).
[^20]: GATTO, "Cultural Entanglement at the Dawn of the Egyptian
History," p. 117; GATTO, "The A-Group and 4^th^ Millennium BCE
[^20]: Gatto, "Cultural Entanglement at the Dawn of the Egyptian
History," p. 117; GATTO, "The A-Group and 4th Millennium BCE
Nubia," p. 130.
[^21]: See also [HAFSAAS-TSAKOS,]{.smallcaps} *War on the Southern
[^21]: See also Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern
Frontier of the Emerging State of Ancient Egypt*, p. 336.
[^22]: Earle and Kristiansen, \"Organizing Bronze Age Societies,\" p.
[^22]: Earle and Kristiansen, "Organizing Bronze Age Societies," p.
243.
[^23]: Otto, Thrane, and Vandkilde, \"Warfare and Society, \" pp. 16-17.
[^23]: Otto, Thrane, and Vandkilde, "Warfare and Society," pp. 16-17.
[^24]: JONES, *The Archaeology of Ethnicity*, p. xiii.
[^24]: Jones, *The Archaeology of Ethnicity*, p. xiii.
[^25]: BARTH, "Introduction," pp. 10-11.
[^25]: Barth, "Introduction," pp. 10-11.
[^26]: BARTH, "Enduring and Emerging Issues in the Analysis of
Ethnicity," p. 12; SMITH, "Ethnicity," p. 1.
[^26]: Barth, "Enduring and Emerging Issues in the Analysis of
Ethnicity," p. 12; Smith, "Ethnicity," p. 1.
[^27]: BARTH, "Introduction," pp. 10-11.
[^27]: Barth, "Introduction," pp. 10-11.
[^28]: E.g., SMITH, *Wretched Kush*, p. 14.
[^28]: E.g., Smith, *Wretched Kush*, p. 14.
[^29]: ERIKSEN, *Ethnicity and Nationalism*, p. 12.
[^29]: Eriksen, *Ethnicity and Nationalism*, p. 12.
[^30]: JONES, *The Archaeology of Ethnicity*, p. 75 and p. 78.
[^30]: Jones, *The Archaeology of Ethnicity*, p. 75 and p. 78.
[^31]: BENTLEY, "Ethnicity and Practice."
[^31]: Bentley, "Ethnicity and Practice."
[^32]: BOURDIEU, *Outline of a Theory of Practice*, p. 72.
[^32]: Bourdieu, *Outline of a Theory of Practice*, p. 72.
[^33]: BENTLEY, "Ethnicity and Practice", p. 27.
[^33]: Bentley, "Ethnicity and Practice", p. 27.
[^34]: JONES, *The Archaeology of Ethnicity*, p. 120.
[^34]: Jones, *The Archaeology of Ethnicity*, p. 120.
[^35]: SMITH, *Wretched Kush*, pp. 18-19.
[^35]: Smith, *Wretched Kush*, pp. 18-19.
[^36]: MACEACHERN, "Scale, Style, and Cultural Variation," p. 123.
[^36]: Maceachern, "Scale, Style, and Cultural Variation," p. 123.
[^37]: See BARTH, "Introduction," p. 14.
[^37]: See Barth, "Introduction," p. 14.
[^38]: GOSSELAIN, "Materializing Identities."
[^38]: Gosselain, "Materializing Identities."
[^39]: HODDER, *Symbols in Action*, p. 22 and p. 58.
[^39]: Hodder, *Symbols in Action*, p. 22 and p. 58.
[^40]: EMBERLING, "Ethnicity in Complex Societies," p. 318; MANZO,
"Clash of Civilization on the First Cataract?" p. 103; SMITH,
*Wretched Kush*, p. 31; STEVENSON, *The Predynastic Egyptian
[^40]: Emberling, "Ethnicity in Complex Societies," p. 318; Manzo,
"Clash of Civilization on the First Cataract?" p. 103; Smith,
*Wretched Kush*, p. 31; Stevenson, *The Predynastic Egyptian
Cemetery of el-Gerzeh*, p. 77.
[^41]: SMITH, *Wretched Kush*, p. 19.
[^41]: Smith, *Wretched Kush*, p. 19.
[^42]: See HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^42]: See Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, Chapters 8-10.
[^43]: NORDSTRÖM, *Neolithic and A-Group Sites*, p. 17.
[^43]: Nordström, *Neolithic and A-Group Sites*, p. 17.
[^44]: For a more detailed analysis, see Chapter 8 in HAFSAAS-TSAKOS,
[^44]: For a more detailed analysis, see Chapter 8 in Hafsaas-Tsakos,
*War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging State of Ancient
Egypt*. See also GATTO, "Egypt and Nubia in the 5^th^-4^th^
Egypt*. See also Gatto, "Egypt and Nubia in the 5th-4th
Millennium BCE," p. 132.
[^45]: See MATIĆ, *Ethnic Identities in the Land of the Pharaohs*, p.
[^45]: See Matić, *Ethnic Identities in the Land of the Pharaohs*, p.
28.
[^46]: SMITH, "Ethnicity".
[^46]: Smith, "Ethnicity".
[^47]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^47]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, p. 253.
[^48]: WENGROW, "Rethinking 'Cattle Cults' in Early Egypt," p. 96;
WENGROW et al. "Cultural Convergence in the Neolithic of the Nile
Valley," p. 105; HAALAND and HAALAND, "Early Farming Societies along
the Nile*,"* p. 548.
[^48]: Wengrow, "Rethinking 'Cattle Cults' in Early Egypt," p. 96;
Wengrow et al. "Cultural Convergence in the Neolithic of the Nile
Valley," p. 105; Haaland and Haaland, "Early Farming Societies along
the Nile*," p. 548.
[^49]: STEVENSON, "The Egyptian Predynastic and State Formation," p.
[^49]: Stevenson, "The Egyptian Predynastic and State Formation," p.
432.
[^50]: In the first systematic excavations in northern Lower Nubia,
@ -1644,173 +1643,173 @@ Wilkinson, Toby A.H. *Early Dynastic Egypt*. London: Routledge, 1999.
Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien auf den Friedhöfen von
El-Kubanieh-Syd*, p. 26.
[^51]: SMITH, "The Nubian B-Group."
[^51]: Smith, "The Nubian B-Group."
[^52]: SMITH, "The Development of the A-Group Culture in Northern Lower
[^52]: Smith, "The Development of the A-Group Culture in Northern Lower
Nubia."
[^53]: E.g., GATTO, "Cultural Entanglement at the Dawn of the Egyptian
History," p. 110; RAUE, "Cultural Diversity of Nubia in the Later
[^53]: E.g., Gatto, "Cultural Entanglement at the Dawn of the Egyptian
History," p. 110; Raue, "Cultural Diversity of Nubia in the Later
3rd--mid 2nd Millennium BC," p. 294.
[^54]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^54]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, p. 73.
[^55]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^55]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, p. 278.
[^56]: SMITH, "The Development of the A-Group Culture in Northern Lower
Nubia," p. 98 and p. 101; HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern
[^56]: Smith, "The Development of the A-Group Culture in Northern Lower
Nubia," p. 98 and p. 101; Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern
Frontier of the Emerging State of Ancient Egypt*, table 1.
[^57]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 33-42.
[^57]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 33-42.
[^58]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 33-45.
[^58]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 33-45.
[^59]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, pp. 257-259. See also SMITH, "The
[^59]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, pp. 257-259. See also Smith, "The
Development of the A-Group Culture in Northern Lower Nubia," p. 98;
ROY, *The Politics of Trade*, pp. 68-69.
Roy, *The Politics of Trade*, pp. 68-69.
[^60]: See HENDRICKX, "Predynastic-Early Dynastic Chronology," table
[^60]: See Hendrickx, "Predynastic-Early Dynastic Chronology," table
II/1.4b.
[^61]: USAI, "Other Stone Tools," pp. 56-57.
[^61]: Usai, "Other Stone Tools," pp. 56-57.
[^62]: ASTON, HARRELL, and SHAW, "Stone," p. 57.
[^62]: Aston, Harrell, and Shaw, "Stone," p. 57.
[^63]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 33-38.
[^63]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 33-38.
[^64]: USAI, "Other Stone Tools," pp. 55-56
[^64]: Usai, "Other Stone Tools," pp. 55-56
[^65]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 141-144.
[^65]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 141-144.
[^66]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^66]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, fig. 77.
[^67]: ELLIOT SMITH and WOOD JONES, *Report on the Human Remains*, pp.
[^67]: Elliot Smith and Wood Jones, *Report on the Human Remains*, pp.
257-262.
[^68]: See NORDSTRÖM, "Gender and Social Structure in the Nubian
[^68]: See Nordström, "Gender and Social Structure in the Nubian
A-Group" for later gender differences among the A-Group people.
[^69]: See HODGSON, "Gender, Culture, and the Myth of the Patriarchal
[^69]: See Hodgson, "Gender, Culture, and the Myth of the Patriarchal
Pastoralist," p. 10 for pastoral labor structured by gender (and
age).
[^70]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 142-144.
[^70]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 142-144.
[^71]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, fig. 92/1-2.
[^71]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, fig. 92/1-2.
[^72]: USAI, "Other Stone Tools," pp. 56-57.
[^72]: Usai, "Other Stone Tools," pp. 56-57.
[^73]: STEVENSON, "Social Relationships in Predynastic Burials," p. 191.
[^73]: Stevenson, "Social Relationships in Predynastic Burials," p. 191.
[^74]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, p. 142, p. 144,
[^74]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, p. 142, p. 144,
and plate 66/b/31 and 33.
[^75]: WENGROW et al. "Cultural Convergence in the Neolithic of the Nile
[^75]: Wengrow et al. "Cultural Convergence in the Neolithic of the Nile
Valley," p. 103.
[^76]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 113-114.
[^76]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 113-114.
[^77]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^77]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, p. 269 and p. 285.
[^78]: See above.
[^79]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^79]: Hafsaas-Tsaoks, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, pp. 266-270.
[^80]: HAFSAAS-TASKOS*, War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^80]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, table 18.
[^81]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 134-135.
[^81]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 134-135.
[^82]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 133-137.
[^82]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 133-137.
[^83]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^83]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, pp. 271-273.
[^84]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, p. 211.
[^84]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, p. 211.
[^85]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 211-214 and
[^85]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 211-214 and
fig. 145.
[^86]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^86]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, p. 272.
[^87]: See REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 212-213.
[^87]: See Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 212-213.
[^88]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^88]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, p. 272.
[^89]: Reisner described these flint implements as flakes. The published
photos of other flint flakes identified by Reisner are in fact
blades, see REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia,* plate
blades, see Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia,* plate
62/b/1 depicting blades called flakes in the description.
[^90]: See HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, "Edges of Bronze and Expressions of
[^90]: See Hafsaas-Tsakos, "Edges of Bronze and Expressions of
Masculinity," for a later example of expressions masculine in Nubia.
[^91]: VANDKILDLE, "Warriors and Warrior Institutions in Copper Age
[^91]: Vandkilde, "Warriors and Warrior Institutions in Copper Age
Europe," p. 405.
[^92]: ELLIOT SMITH and WOOD JONES, *Report on the Human Remains,* pp.
[^92]: Elliot Smith and Wood Jones, *Report on the Human Remains*, pp.
169-173.
[^93]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, p. 258 and pp.
[^93]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, p. 258 and pp.
262-265.
[^94]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, fig. 212/2-5, 12.
[^94]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, fig. 212/2-5, 12.
[^95]: STEVENSON, *The Predynastic Egyptian Cemetery of el-Gerzeh*, p.
[^95]: Stevenson, *The Predynastic Egyptian Cemetery of el-Gerzeh*, p.
145.
[^96]: NORDSTRÖM, *Neolithic and A-Group Sites*, p. 130.
[^96]: Nordström, *Neolithic and A-Group Sites*, p. 130.
[^97]: WENGROW et al., "Cultural convergence in the Neolithic of the
[^97]: Wengrow et al., "Cultural convergence in the Neolithic of the
Nile Valley," p. 105.
[^98]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^98]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, pp. 316-317.
[^99]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^99]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, Chapter 9.
[^100]: See HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the
[^100]: See Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the
Emerging State of Ancient Egypt*, pp. 285-294 for more details.
[^101]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^101]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, p. 285.
[^102]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, p. 291. See also HÅRDE, "Funerary Rituals
[^102]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, p. 291. See also Hårde, "Funerary Rituals
and Warfare in the Early Bronze Age Nitra Culture of Slovakia and
Moravia," p. 358, for a similar interpretation.
[^103]: GILBERT, *Weapons, Warriors and Warfare in Early Egypt*, p. 83.
[^103]: Gilbert, *Weapons, Warriors and Warfare in Early Egypt*, p. 83.
[^104]: MCMAHON, "State Warfare and Pre-state Violent Conflict," p. 181
[^104]: McMahon, "State Warfare and Pre-state Violent Conflict," p. 181
[^105]: ELLIOT SMITH and WOOD JONES, *Report on the Human Remains,* p.
[^105]: Elliot Smith and Wood Jones, *Report on the Human Remains,* p.
116.
[^106]: HAFSAAS-TSAKOS, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
[^106]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging
State of Ancient Egypt*, pp. 327-328.
[^107]: Crevecoeur et al., "New Insights on Interpersonal Violence in
the Late Pleistocene Based on the Nile Valley Cemetery of Jebel
Sahaba."
[^108]: MCMAHON, "State Warfare and Pre-state Violent Conflict," p. 181.
[^108]: McMahon, "State Warfare and Pre-state Violent Conflict," p. 181.
[^109]: REISNER, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 137-139.
[^109]: Reisner, *The Archaeological Survey of Nubia*, pp. 137-139.
[^110]: ELLIOT SMITH and WOOD JONES, *Report on the Human Remains,* pp.
[^110]: Elliot Smith and Wood Jones, *Report on the Human Remains*, pp.
116-117.
[^111]: FRIEDMAN, "Hierakonpolis," pp. 38-39.
[^111]: Friedman, "Hierakonpolis," pp. 38-39.
[^112]: Droux and Pieri, "Further Adventures at HK6: The 2010 Season,"
p. 4.