hamdeedX

content/article/hamdeen.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 title: "From Homescape to Flora Landscape: Preliminary Observation on Plant Remains from the Christian Mud-Buildings in the Third Cataract Region"
 authors: ["hamadhamdeen.md"]
-abstract: In Sudan, the study of earthen construction materials is very rare, mudbricks were and still are widely used as building materials in many regions. This paper gives a new perspective for applying the technique of extorted plant remains from mudbrick in Sudan.
+abstract: In Sudan, the study of earthen construction materials is very rare, mudbricks were and still are widely used as building materials in many regions. This paper gives a new perspective for applying the technique of extorted plant remains from mudbrick in Sudan. The material was collected during the fieldwork of Mahas Archaeological project in April 2019 from four Christian mudbrick sites, approximately four kilograms (one kilogram from each site). The material was soaked in water for six hours to dissolve the hard mud and sand. Two metal sieves with a mesh size of 0.5 and 1 mm were used. The separated material was dried and examined under binoculars and for identification fresh seed was used as a reference collection and determination literature. Seven plant species were as seeds, fruits were extracted and identified. In addition, some large unidentified deposits of glumes of wild grasses were presented in the samples from the four sites. Some animal dung and insect remains were separated during the sorting processing of the plant macro-remains. The archaeobotanical evidence from these four Christian mudbrick sites in El Mahas region provided evidence of the economy and flora landscape in this area. This flora can be divided into three types: riverine wild flora, cultivated flora, and wild trees.
 keywords: ["Archaeobotany", "Plant remains", "Mudbrick", "Third Cataract", "Sudan"]
 ---
 
@@ -632,10 +632,10 @@ Flower, R. J. "Diatoms in Ancient Building Materials: Application
 of Diatom Analysis to Egyptian Mudbricks." *Nova Hedwigia* 82 (2006): pp. 245--63.
 
 Fuller, D. "Early Kushite Agriculture: Archaeobotanical Evidence
-from Kawa." *Sudan and Nubia* 8 (2004): pp. 70--4.
+from Kawa." *Sudan & Nubia* 8 (2004): pp. 70--4.
 
 Fuller, D. and D. Edwards. "Medieval Plant Economy in Middle Nubia:
-Preliminary Archaeobotanical Evidence from Nauri." *Sudan and Nubia* 5 (2001):
+Preliminary Archaeobotanical Evidence from Nauri." *Sudan & Nubia* 5 (2001):
 pp. 97--103.
 
 Fuller, D. "The Economic Basis of the Qustul Splinter State:
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ Edition. Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich. 25 June 2022.
 Hamdeen, H. M., Madani, I., and Y.F. Tahir. "Positive Casts of Wheat
 and Barley on the Fire-Mud Basin from the Christian Site MRB-05-001 at
 El Mirebiet Oasis in El Ga'ab Depression, Western Dongola, Sudan."
-*Sudan and Nubia* 22 (2018): pp. 167--71.
+*Sudan & Nubia* 22 (2018): pp. 167--71.
 
 Hardy, K. and L. Kubiak-Martens (eds). *Wild Harvest: Plants in
 the Hominin and Pre-agrarian Worlds*. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2016.
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ Effect of Processing Techniques, Medicinal Properties and Uses." *African Journa
 
 Kahlheber, S. "Archaeobotanical Investigations at the Gala Abu
 Ahmed Fortress in Lower Wadi Howar, Northern Sudan. The Fruit and Seed
-Remains." *Sudan and Nubia* 17 (2013), pp. 33--41.
+Remains." *Sudan & Nubia* 17 (2013), pp. 33--41.
 
 Kamatou, G.P., Vermaak I., and A.M. Viljoen "An Updated Review of
 Adansonia Digitata: a Commercially Important African Tree". *South African Journal of Botany*
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ Materiality in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Anatolia and Levant."
 
 Madani, I., Tahir, Y. F., and H.M. Hamdeen. "Plant Macroremains
 Recovered from El-Hamra Christian Complex Excavation in El-Ga'ab
-Depression, Sudan." *Sudan and Nubia* 19 (2015): pp. 143--8.
+Depression, Sudan." *Sudan & Nubia* 19 (2015): pp. 143--8.
 
 Mabberley, D.J. *A Portable Dictionary of Plants, their
 Classification and Uses*. Cambridge: Cambridge University