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@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ practices and in accordance with later A-Group traditions. Three
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palettes were made of siltstone from Upper Egypt and of shapes dating to
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palettes were made of siltstone from Upper Egypt and of shapes dating to
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Naqada I. Weapons were absent as grave goods in these graves.
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Naqada I. Weapons were absent as grave goods in these graves.
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## Cemetery 41/200 on the Meris Plain
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## Cemetery 41 on the Meris Plain
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Cemetery 41/200 was located on the central knoll of the Meris
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Cemetery 41/200 was located on the central knoll of the Meris
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plain.[^83] A total of 37 human graves and three animal graves were
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plain.[^83] A total of 37 human graves and three animal graves were
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@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ attacks where sharp force violence also was used -- most likely
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copper-alloy weapons. Both males and females were injured and killed in
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copper-alloy weapons. Both males and females were injured and killed in
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these cemeteries (see Appendices 1-6).
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these cemeteries (see Appendices 1-6).
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**~~Table 2. Violent deaths, violent injuries antemortem, missing skulls, and broken skulls in total and in per cent in A-Group cemeteries dating to the proto-phase. Data from Appendices 2-6.~~**
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**~~Table 2. Violent deaths, violent injuries antemortem, missing skulls, and broken skulls in total and in per cent in A-Group cemeteries dating to the proto-phase. Data from Appendices 2-6.~~**
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@ -1038,34 +1038,37 @@ Program.
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@ -1121,15 +1120,15 @@ https://www.okayafrica.com/sudans-revolution-isnt-a-fluke-its-tradition/.
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Goldstein, Ned. "Exploiting Darfur Genocide for Propaganda." *Sudan Tribune*, October 1, 2006.
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Häggström, Issraa Elkogali. "Art for the Revolution: How Artists Have
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Häggström, Issraa Elkogali. "Art for the Revolution: How Artists Have
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@ -1139,19 +1138,16 @@ https://kultwatch.se/art-for-the-revolution-how-artists-have-become-key-for-the-
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Hashim, Mohanad. "In Pictures: The Art Fuelling Sudan's Revolution."
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Hendawi, Hamza. "Sudan: An Artist's Tribute to Women Leaders of the
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---------. *Sudan's Artists of the Revolution: An Interview with Assil
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---------. "Sudan's Artists of the Revolution: An Interview with Assil
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Diab*.
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Diab."
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---------. *Sudan's Artists of the Revolution: An Interview with Mounir
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---------. "Sudan's Artists of the Revolution: An Interview with Mounir
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Khalil.*
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Khalil."
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Protests as Nation-Building in Sudan." Human Rights Studies Master of
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Arts Program, Columbia University 2020.
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Arts Program, Columbia University 2020.
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Lichtenstein, Amanda. "The Scent of Revolution: The Story Behind
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Lichtenstein, Amanda. "The Scent of Revolution: The Story Behind
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Mondesire, Zachary. *Race after Revolution: Imagining Blackness and Africanity in the "New Sudan,"* Middle East Political Science, 2020
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Murray, Elizabeth. "How Art Helped Propel Sudan's Revolution." *United States Institute of Peace*, November 12 ,2020.
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Murray, Elizabeth. "How Art Helped Propel Sudan's Revolution." *United States Institute of Peace*, November 12 ,2020.
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https://www.usip.org/blog/2020/11/how-art-helped-propel-sudans-revolution.
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https://www.usip.org/blog/2020/11/how-art-helped-propel-sudans-revolution.
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@ -1204,20 +1207,26 @@ Division for Decades. Now Sudan Is United Against Him." *The Washington
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Post*, January 19, 2019.
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Post*, January 19, 2019.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/omar-al-bashir-exploited-sudans-ethnic-division-for-decades-now-sudan-is-united-against-him/2019/01/19/a7b5d0a0-1851-11e9-b8e6-567190c2fd08_story.html?noredirect=on.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/omar-al-bashir-exploited-sudans-ethnic-division-for-decades-now-sudan-is-united-against-him/2019/01/19/a7b5d0a0-1851-11e9-b8e6-567190c2fd08_story.html?noredirect=on.
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https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/chaos-and-fire-analysis-sudan-s-june-3-2019-khartoum-massacre
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Powell, Brian. *Sudan Constitutional Declaration: Draft Constitutional
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Powell, Brian. *Sudan Constitutional Declaration: Draft Constitutional
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Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period*.
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Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period*.
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Reeves, Benjamin. "Online fake news and hate speech are fuelling tribal 'genocide' in South Sudan," *The World*, April 25, 2017.
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Reeves, Benjamin. "Online fake news and hate speech are fuelling tribal 'genocide' in South Sudan." *The World*, April 25, 2017.
|
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https://theworld.org/stories/2017-04-25/online-fake-news-and-hate-speech-are-fueling-tribal-genocide-south-sudan
|
https://theworld.org/stories/2017-04-25/online-fake-news-and-hate-speech-are-fueling-tribal-genocide-south-sudan
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Reeves, Eric. "On the Brutal Murder of Ahmed al-Khair of Kashm al-Qirba," *Sudan: Research, Analysis, and Advocacy*, February 2, 2019.
|
Reeves, Eric. "On the Brutal Murder of Ahmed al-Khair of Kashm al-Qirba." *Sudan: Research, Analysis, and Advocacy*, February 2, 2019.
|
||||||
https://sudanreeves.org/2019/02/02/on-the-brutal-murder-of-ahmed-al-khair-of-khashm-al-qirba-february-2-2019/.
|
https://sudanreeves.org/2019/02/02/on-the-brutal-murder-of-ahmed-al-khair-of-khashm-al-qirba-february-2-2019/.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Reilly, Katie. "The Iconic Photo of Her Helped Fuel Sudan's Revolution.
|
Reilly, Katie. "The Iconic Photo of Her Helped Fuel Sudan's Revolution.
|
||||||
Now, She and Other Women Are Being Sidelined." *Time*, October 30, 2019.
|
Now, She and Other Women Are Being Sidelined." *Time*, October 30, 2019.
|
||||||
https://time.com/5712952/alaa-salah-sudan-women-protest/.
|
https://time.com/5712952/alaa-salah-sudan-women-protest/.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Robathan, Hannah and Isabella Pearce. "The Satir Sisters: Two Artists
|
Reporters without Borders. "Sudan: Press freedom still in transition a year after Omar al-Bashir's removal," 2020
|
||||||
|
https://rsf.org/en/sudan-press-freedom-still-transition-year-after-omar-al-bashir-s-removal
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Robathan, Hannah, and Isabella Pearce. "The Satir Sisters: Two Artists
|
||||||
Inspiring Change Through Illustration." *Shado*, April 5, 2019.
|
Inspiring Change Through Illustration." *Shado*, April 5, 2019.
|
||||||
https://shado-mag.com/do/the-satir-sisters-two-artists-inspiring-change-through-illustration/.
|
https://shado-mag.com/do/the-satir-sisters-two-artists-inspiring-change-through-illustration/.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -1225,7 +1234,10 @@ Roychoudhury, Supriya. "The Art of Resistance: When Imagination Meets
|
||||||
Technology at Protests from India to Chile." *Scroll.in*, March 14, 2020.
|
Technology at Protests from India to Chile." *Scroll.in*, March 14, 2020.
|
||||||
https://scroll.in/article/954091/the-art-of-resistance-when-imagination-meets-technology-at-protests-from-india-to-chile.
|
https://scroll.in/article/954091/the-art-of-resistance-when-imagination-meets-technology-at-protests-from-india-to-chile.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Salih, Zeinab Mohammed and Tom Wilson. "Sudanese Women Take Lead in
|
Salih, Zeinab Mohammed, "'I was raised to love our home': Sudan's singing protester speaks up." *The Guardian*, April 10, 2019.
|
||||||
|
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/apr/10/alaa-salah-sudanese-woman-talks-about-protest-photo-that-went-viral
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Salih, Zeinab Mohammed, and Tom Wilson. "Sudanese Women Take Lead in
|
||||||
Protests Against Bashir." *Financial Times*,* March 28, 2019.
|
Protests Against Bashir." *Financial Times*,* March 28, 2019.
|
||||||
https://www.ft.com/content/8e185568-4976-11e9-bbc9-6917dce3dc62
|
https://www.ft.com/content/8e185568-4976-11e9-bbc9-6917dce3dc62
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -1255,8 +1267,7 @@ https://roape.net/2019/09/05/the-revolution-has-emerged-sudans-acute-contradicti
|
||||||
[^2]: Deshayes, Etienne, and Medani, "Reflection on the Sudanese
|
[^2]: Deshayes, Etienne, and Medani, "Reflection on the Sudanese
|
||||||
Revolutionary Dynamics."
|
Revolutionary Dynamics."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^3]: Bolatito, *Sudan Revolution: An Exploration Causes and
|
[^3]: Bolatito, "Sudan Revolution."
|
||||||
Consequences for Power Struggle and Regime Change.*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^4]: In 1964, the so-called \'Southern Problem\' became the cause of
|
[^4]: In 1964, the so-called \'Southern Problem\' became the cause of
|
||||||
the conflict. The increasing discrimination against the Christian
|
the conflict. The increasing discrimination against the Christian
|
||||||
|
@ -1271,57 +1282,51 @@ https://roape.net/2019/09/05/the-revolution-has-emerged-sudans-acute-contradicti
|
||||||
[^5]: Any newspaper under this law could be suspended without any court
|
[^5]: Any newspaper under this law could be suspended without any court
|
||||||
order and its employees arrested.
|
order and its employees arrested.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^6]: CIPESA, *Sudan's Bad Laws, Internet Censorship and Repressed Civil
|
[^6]: CIPESA, "Sudan's Bad Laws."
|
||||||
Liberties.*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^7]: For more information see: *Sudan: Press freedom still in
|
[^7]: For more information see: Reporters without Borders, "Sudan: Press freedom still in
|
||||||
transition a year after Omar al-Bashir's removal*, Reporters Without
|
transition a year after Omar al-Bashir's removal."
|
||||||
Borders, 2020.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^8]: Wilde Botta, *The Revolution Has Emerged: Sudan's Acute
|
[^8]: Wilde Botta, "The Revolution Has Emerged."
|
||||||
Contradictions*.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^9]: Copnall, *A Poisonous Thorn in Our Hearts: Sudan and South
|
[^9]: Copnall, *A Poisonous Thorn in Our Hearts*.
|
||||||
Sudan\'s Bitter and Incomplete Divorce.*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^10]: https://www.instagram.com/p/BtBLM5cFNG-/
|
[^10]: https://www.instagram.com/p/BtBLM5cFNG-/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^11]: Karar, *Protesters Dismantling Modus Operandi of Sudan\'s
|
[^11]: Karar, *Protesters Dismantling Modus Operandi of Sudan\'s
|
||||||
Oppressor*: *"...the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the
|
Oppressor*: *...the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the
|
||||||
government adopted austerity measures that resulted in cutting fuel
|
government adopted austerity measures that resulted in cutting fuel
|
||||||
and bread subsidies. However, the adjustment plan has immensely hit
|
and bread subsidies. However, the adjustment plan has immensely hit
|
||||||
the extremely poor, estimated to be around 36.1 per cent of the
|
the extremely poor, estimated to be around 36.1 per cent of the
|
||||||
population. In December 2018, the inflation rate has risen to 72.94
|
population. In December 2018, the inflation rate has risen to 72.94
|
||||||
per cent, the second worst rate worldwide after Venezuela*."
|
per cent, the second worst rate worldwide after Venezuela*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^12]: Elhassan, How Sudanese Art Is Fueling the Revolution.
|
[^12]: Elhassan, "How Sudanese Art Is Fueling the Revolution."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^13]: Berridge, *Civil Uprising in Modern Sudan*.
|
[^13]: Berridge, *Civil Uprising in Modern Sudan*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^14]: Elhassan, Sudan's Revolution Isn\'t a Fluke, It\'s Tradition.
|
[^14]: Elhassan, "Sudan's Revolution Isn\'t a Fluke, It\'s Tradition."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^15]: Ibid.
|
[^15]: Ibid.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^16]: Lamensch, Sudan\'s Artists of the Revolution: An Interview with
|
[^16]: Lamensch, "Sudan\'s Artists of the Revolution: An Interview with
|
||||||
Mounir Khalil.
|
Mounir Khalil."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^17]: Murray, How Art Helped Propel Sudan's Revolution.
|
[^17]: Murray, "How Art Helped Propel Sudan's Revolution."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^18]: Africa News, Sudan Protest Hub: Anti-Bashir Protesters Tear
|
[^18]: Africa News, "Anti-Bashir Protesters Tear
|
||||||
Gassed in Omdurman.
|
Gassed in Omdurman."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^19]: Hassan and Kodouda, *Sudan's Uprising: The Fall of a Dictator,*
|
[^19]: Hassan and Kodouda, "Sudan's Uprising: The Fall of a Dictator,"
|
||||||
pp. 97-100.
|
pp. 97-100.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^20]: Häggström, Art for the
|
[^20]: Häggström, "Art for the Revolution."
|
||||||
Revolution: How Artists Have Changed the Protests in Sudan (https://www.kasperhaggstrom.com/).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^21]: Norbrook, *Sudan: Who Is Hemeti, the Butcher of the Revolution?*
|
[^21]: Norbrook, "Sudan: Who Is Hemeti."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^22]: Wilde Botta, *The Revolution has Emerged: Sudan's Acute
|
[^22]: Wilde Botta, *The Revolution has Emerged*.
|
||||||
Contradictions*.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^23]: Human Rights Watch, *"They Were Shouting 'Kill Them'"*.
|
[^23]: Human Rights Watch, "'They Were Shouting 'Kill Them.'"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^24]: Powell, *Sudan Constitutional Declaration: Draft Constitutional
|
[^24]: Powell, *Sudan Constitutional Declaration: Draft Constitutional
|
||||||
Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period*.
|
Charter for the 2019 Transitional Period*.
|
||||||
|
@ -1329,9 +1334,8 @@ https://roape.net/2019/09/05/the-revolution-has-emerged-sudans-acute-contradicti
|
||||||
[^25]: Policy and military attacked sleeping protesters and destroy the
|
[^25]: Policy and military attacked sleeping protesters and destroy the
|
||||||
site of the sit-in. People were shot and wounded by machetes and
|
site of the sit-in. People were shot and wounded by machetes and
|
||||||
their bodies were thrown into the River Nile. For more information
|
their bodies were thrown into the River Nile. For more information
|
||||||
see: \"*Chaos and Fire": An Analysis of Sudan\'s June 3, 2019,
|
see: Physicians for Human Rights, "Chaos and Fire": An Analysis of Sudan\'s June 3, 2019,
|
||||||
Khartoum Massacre*, Physician for Human Rights.
|
Khartoum Massacre."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Videos made by protesters during the massacre (contains disturbing
|
Videos made by protesters during the massacre (contains disturbing
|
||||||
scenes): htpp://bbc.com/news/av/worls-africa-48956133
|
scenes): htpp://bbc.com/news/av/worls-africa-48956133
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -1342,179 +1346,166 @@ https://roape.net/2019/09/05/the-revolution-has-emerged-sudans-acute-contradicti
|
||||||
against women and limits their social activities. For more
|
against women and limits their social activities. For more
|
||||||
information see: http://democracyfirstgroup.org
|
information see: http://democracyfirstgroup.org
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^27]: Dabanga, *Prosecution Denounces Call to Revive Sudan's Repealed
|
[^27]: Dabanga, "Prosecution Denounces Call to Revive Sudan's Repealed
|
||||||
Public Order Law*.
|
Public Order Law."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^28]: Staff writer, *Sudan Just Criminalised Female Genital Mutilation
|
[^28]: Staff writer, "Sudan Just Criminalised Female Genital Mutilation
|
||||||
in a Landmark Victory for Women*. Cartoon by Alaa Satir condemning
|
in a Landmark Victory for Women." Cartoon by Alaa Satir condemning
|
||||||
FGM with a sign: female body cannot be edited, available:
|
FGM with a sign: female body cannot be edited, available:
|
||||||
https://www.instagram.com/p/BjHpwZjFxD9/
|
https://www.instagram.com/p/BjHpwZjFxD9/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^29]: Botta, *The Revolution.*
|
[^29]: Wilde Botta, *The Revolution Has Emerged*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^30]: Propaganda is not in the scope of this article, for more
|
[^30]: Propaganda is not in the scope of this article, for more
|
||||||
information on this matter see: Goldstein, *Exploiting Darfur
|
information on this matter see: Goldstein, "Exploiting Darfur
|
||||||
Genocide for Propaganda*, Sudan Tribune, 2006.
|
Genocide for Propaganda."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^31]: Osman and Bearak, *Omar Al-Bashir Exploited Sudan's Ethnic Division
|
[^31]: Osman and Bearak, "Omar Al-Bashir Exploited Sudan's Ethnic Division
|
||||||
for Decades. Now Sudan Is United Against Him*.
|
for Decades. Now Sudan Is United Against Him."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^32]: Botalito, *Sudan Revolution.*
|
[^32]: Bolatito, *Sudan Revolution*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^33]: Latif, *You Arrogant Racist, We are All Darfur'; Human Rights
|
[^33]: Latif, *You Arrogant Racist, We are All Darfur'; Human Rights
|
||||||
Protests as Nation-Building in Sudan,* pp. 54 - 67.
|
Protests as Nation-Building in Sudan,* pp. 54 - 67.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^34]: Idris, *Conflict and Politics of Identity in Sudan.*
|
[^34]: Idris, *Conflict and Politics of Identity in Sudan*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^35]: Carmichael and Pinnell, *How Fake News from Sudan's Regime
|
[^35]: Carmichael and Pinnell, "How Fake News from Sudan's Regime
|
||||||
Backfired*.
|
Backfired."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^36]: Bishai and Elshami, *"We Are All Darfur!" -- Sudan's Unity Protests
|
[^36]: Bishai and Elshami, "'We Are All Darfur!" -- Sudan's Unity Protests
|
||||||
Stand a Real Chance. Time for the West to Step up*.
|
Stand a Real Chance."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^37]: Hashim, *In Pictures: The Art Fuelling Sudan\'s Revolution*.
|
[^37]: Hashim, "In Pictures: The Art Fuelling Sudan\'s Revolution."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^38]: For more information see: Reeves, "Online fake news and
|
[^38]: For more information see: Reeves, "Online fake news and
|
||||||
hate speech are fuelling tribal 'genocide' in South Sudan."
|
hate speech are fuelling tribal 'genocide' in South Sudan."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^39]: For more information see: Global Gender Gap Report.
|
[^39]: For more information see: Global Gender Gap Report.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^40]: Siha Network, *Criminalisation of women in Sudan. A need for
|
[^40]: SIHA, "Criminalisation of women in Sudan. A need for
|
||||||
Fundamental Reform,* pp. 8-13, 41-43.
|
Fundamental Reform," pp. 8-13, 41-43.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^41]: Salih and Wilson, *Sudanese Women Take Lead in Protests Against
|
[^41]: Salih and Wilson, "Sudanese Women Take Lead in Protests Against
|
||||||
Bashir*.
|
Bashir."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^42]: Hendawi, *Sudan: An Artist's Tribute to Women Leaders of the
|
[^42]: Hendawi, "Sudan: An Artist's Tribute to Women Leaders of the
|
||||||
Pro-Democracy Movement*.
|
Pro-Democracy Movement."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^43]: For more information see: Salih, Zeinab Mohammed, '*I was raised
|
[^43]: For more information see: Salih, "'I was raised
|
||||||
to love our home': Sudan's singing protester speaks up*, The
|
to love our home'"; Reilly, "The Iconic Photo of Her
|
||||||
Guardian, April 10, 20919; Reilly, Katie, *The Iconic Photo of Her
|
Helped Fuel Sudan's Revolution."
|
||||||
Helped Fuel Sudan's Revolution. Now, She and Other Women Are Being
|
|
||||||
Sidelined*, The Times, October 30, 2019.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^44]: Jaafari, *Here\'s the Story Behind the Iconic Image of the
|
[^44]: Jaafari, "Here\'s the Story Behind the Iconic Image of the
|
||||||
Sudanese Woman in White*.
|
Sudanese Woman in White."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^45]: Brown, *History Stands Alongside the Woman in the White Tobe*.
|
[^45]: Brown, "History Stands Alongside the Woman in the White Tobe."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^46]: Elamin and Ismail, *The Many Mothers of Sudan's Revolution*.
|
[^46]: Elamin and Ismail, "The Many Mothers of Sudan's Revolution."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^47]: Reilly, *The Iconic Photo of Her Helped Fuel Sudan\'s Revolution.
|
[^47]: Reilly, "The Iconic Photo of Her Helped Fuel Sudan\'s Revolution."
|
||||||
Now, She and Other Women Are Being Sidelined.*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^48]: LICHTENSTEIN, *Read the Scent of Revolution: The Story Behind Sudan\'s Legendary Perfume Label Remi .* The information about the Amado Alfadni project is available here: https://amadoalfadni.com/project/bint-el-sudan/
|
[^48]: Lichtenstein, "Read the Scent of Revolution: The Story Behind Sudan\'s Legendary Perfume Label Remi .* The information about the Amado Alfadni project is available here: https://amadoalfadni.com/project/bint-el-sudan/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^49]: Abdel Aziz, *The Third Sudanese Revolution Reinstates Women from
|
[^49]: Abdel Aziz, "The Third Sudanese Revolution Reinstates Women from
|
||||||
All Walks of Life onto the Map of Sudanese Public Life*.
|
All Walks of Life onto the Map of Sudanese Public Life."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^50]: Kuwait Times, *Bashir\'s Overthrow Inspires Sudan Graffiti
|
[^50]: Kuwait Times, "Bashir\'s Overthrow Inspires Sudan Graffiti
|
||||||
Artists*.
|
Artists."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^51]: https://www.instagram.com/p/Bqm6Ne1lxrP/
|
[^51]: https://www.instagram.com/p/Bqm6Ne1lxrP/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^52]: Häggström, *Art for the Revolution.*
|
[^52]: Häggström, "Art for the Revolution."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^53]: Dahir, *Sudan's Protests Inspire Art, Graffiti Revolution*.
|
[^53]: Dahir, "Sudan's Protests Inspire Art, Graffiti Revolution."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^54]: For more information see: Mondesire, Zachary. *Race after
|
[^54]: For more information see: Mondesire, *Race after
|
||||||
Revolution: Imagining Blackness and Africanity in the "New Sudan"*,
|
Revolution*.
|
||||||
Middle East Political Science, 2020.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^55]: Lamensch, Sudan\'s Artists.
|
[^55]: Lamensch, "Sudan\'s Artists."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^56]: Häggström, *Art for the Revolution.*
|
[^56]: Häggström, "Art for the Revolution."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^57]: The Observateurs, *Brothers Create Mosaic Portraits of Protesters
|
[^57]: The Observateurs, "Brothers Create Mosaic Portraits of Protesters
|
||||||
Killed in Sudan's Revolution*.
|
Killed in Sudan's Revolution."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^58]: Anonymous, *We Are Fed up! The Power of a New Generation of
|
[^58]: Anonymous, "We Are Fed up! The Power of a New Generation of
|
||||||
Sudanese Youth Activists*.
|
Sudanese Youth Activists."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^59]: UK Home Office, *Sudan Opposition to the Government, Including
|
[^59]: UK Home Office, "Sudan Opposition to the Government."
|
||||||
Sur Place Activity: (November 2018).*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^60]: For more information about the structure and evolution of the
|
[^60]: For more information about the structure and evolution of the
|
||||||
Sudanese professionals Association see:
|
Sudanese professionals Association see:
|
||||||
https://www.arab-reform.net/publication/sudanese-professionals-association-structure-evolutioroles-and-coalitions-changes-and-future-prospects/
|
https://www.arab-reform.net/publication/sudanese-professionals-association-structure-evolutioroles-and-coalitions-changes-and-future-prospects/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^61]: Bior, *Sudan\'s Social Media Deemed Major Player in Bashir\'s
|
[^61]: Bior, "Sudan\'s Social Media Deemed Major Player in Bashir\'s
|
||||||
Ouster*.
|
Ouster."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^62]: Hassab, *Sudan Uprising: On an Artistic Note*.
|
[^62]: Hassab, "Sudan Uprising: On an Artistic Note."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^63]: https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-48956133
|
[^63]: https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-48956133
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^64]: Robathan and Pearce, *The Satir Sisters: Two Artists Inspiring
|
[^64]: Robathan and Pearce, "The Satir Sisters."
|
||||||
Change Through Illustration*.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^65]: Elhassan, *Inside Sudan\'s Viral Revolution: What You Need to
|
[^65]: Elhassan, "Inside Sudan\'s Viral Revolution."
|
||||||
Know*.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^66]: Gaafar and Shakwat, *Sudanese Women at the Heart of the Revolution:
|
[^66]: Gaafar and Shakwat, "Sudanese Women at the Heart of the Revolution."
|
||||||
African Feminism (AF)*.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^67]: https://www.worldpressphoto.org/collection/photo/2020/39605/1/Yasuyoshi-Chiba
|
[^67]: https://www.worldpressphoto.org/collection/photo/2020/39605/1/Yasuyoshi-Chiba
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^68]: Fuhrmann, *#sudanrevolts: Contesting Power & Violence Through
|
[^68]: Fuhrmann, "#sudanrevolts."
|
||||||
Art*.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^69]: https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/public-anger-in-sudan-capital-as-children-crushed-by-niss-driver
|
[^69]: https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/public-anger-in-sudan-capital-as-children-crushed-by-niss-driver
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^70]: Fuhrmann, *#sudanrevolts.*
|
[^70]: Fuhrmann, "#sudanrevolts."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^71]: Hassab, *Sudan Uprising.*
|
[^71]: Hassab, "Sudan Uprising."
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[^72]: Casciarri and Manfredi, *Freedom, Peace and Justice - a Glossary of
|
[^72]: Casciarri and Manfredi, "Freedom, Peace and Justice," p.18.
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the Third Sudanese Revolution, p.18.*
|
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[^73]: Diab, *Everything You Need to Know About the Sudan Revolution*.
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[^73]: Diab, "Everything You Need to Know About the Sudan Revolution."
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[^74]: Editors, *Cartooning for Peace*.
|
[^74]: Editors, "Cartooning for Peace."
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|
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[^75]: Akwei, *Sudan's Protests Through Cartoons, the Daring Work of
|
[^75]: Akwei, "Sudan's Protests Through Cartoons."
|
||||||
Boushra Cartoonist.*
|
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|
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[^76]: Fuhrmann, *#sudanrevolts.*
|
[^76]: Fuhrmann, "#sudanrevolts."
|
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|
|
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[^77]: https://twitter.com/Merg_Salih/status/1401508418708545540
|
[^77]: https://twitter.com/Merg_Salih/status/1401508418708545540
|
||||||
|
|
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[^78]: Casciarri and Manfredi, *Freedom, pp. 15-17*.
|
[^78]: Casciarri and Manfredi, "Freedom, Peace and Justice," pp. 15-17*.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^79]: Deshayes, Etienne and Medani, *Reflection.*
|
[^79]: Deshayes, Etienne, and Medani, "Reflection."
|
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|
|
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[^80]: Hashim, *In pictures: The art fuelling Sudan\'s revolution*.
|
[^80]: Hashim, "In pictures: The art fuelling Sudan\'s revolution."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^81]: Fuhrmann, *#sudanrevolts*.
|
[^81]: Fuhrmann, "#sudanrevolts."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^82]: Roychoudhury, *The Art of Resistance: When Imagination Meets
|
[^82]: Roychoudhury, "The Art of Resistance."
|
||||||
Technology at Protests from India to Chile*.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^83]: Lamensch, *Sudan\'s Artists of the Revolution: An Interview with
|
[^83]: Lamensch, "Sudan\'s Artists of the Revolution: An Interview with
|
||||||
Assil Diab*.
|
Assil Diab."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^84]: For more information see: Reeves, "On the Brutal Murder of
|
[^84]: For more information see: Reeves, "On the Brutal Murder of
|
||||||
Ahmed al-Khair of Kashm al-Qirba."
|
Ahmed al-Khair of Kashm al-Qirba."
|
||||||
Authors note: Some readers may find the description of events
|
Authors note: Some readers may find the description of events
|
||||||
distressing.
|
distressing.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^85]: Carmichael and Pinnell, *How fake news from Sudan's regime
|
[^85]: Carmichael and Pinnell, "How fake news from Sudan's regime
|
||||||
backfired.*
|
backfired."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^86]: Murray, *How Art Helped Propel Sudan's Revolution*.
|
[^86]: Murray, "How Art Helped Propel Sudan's Revolution."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^87]: Roychoudhury, *The Art of Resistance.*
|
[^87]: Roychoudhury, "The Art of Resistance."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^88]: Capron, *In Sudan, Empty Tear Gas Canisters from Protests Turned
|
[^88]: Capron, "In Sudan, Empty Tear Gas Canisters from Protests Turned
|
||||||
into Art*.
|
into Art."
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^89]: The art of the Sudanese revolution was exhibited at the
|
[^89]: The art of the Sudanese revolution was exhibited at the
|
||||||
University of London and Khartoum
|
University of London and Khartoum
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^90]: http://sudanrevolutionart.org
|
[^90]: http://sudanrevolutionart.org
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^91]: Kordofani, *"Kejer\'s Prison - Short Film* سجن الكجر - فلم قصير,"
|
[^91]: Kordofani, "Kejer\'s Prison."
|
||||||
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Enyax1Dzj_g.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[^92]: Kamabressi, *To save its economy, Sudan needs civilian rule.*
|
[^92]: Kamabressi, "To save its economy, Sudan needs civilian rule."
|
||||||
|
|
Loading…
Add table
Reference in a new issue