simmons miss abstract and keywords
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title: "A Short Note on Queen Gaua: A New Last Known Ruler of Dotawo (r. around
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1520-6)?"
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authors: ["adamsimmons.md"]
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abstract:
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keywords: []
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abstract: This article
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keywords: ["Gaua", "Portuguese" ,"Ethiopia"]
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---
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The Nubian Christian kingdom of Dotawo, which was the product of the
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@ -151,10 +151,11 @@ describing her as a Candace (*kandake*: "queen" or "queen-mother") of
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Meroë before leading on to a passage about Gaua inserted within the
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broader narrative. The section concerning Gaua relates:
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> \[INSERT IMAGE\]
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>
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> João de Barros. *Terceira Década da Ásia*. Lisbon: Impressa per João
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> Barreira, 1563, fo. 88, Mi,v.
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**~~João de Barros. *Terceira Década da Ásia*. Lisbon: Impressa per João Barreira, 1563, fo. 88, Mi,v.~~**
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>
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> E ainda que nam seja com nome de Candaçe, sabemos que quásy naquelles
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> confiis que dissemos oje rey na huma molhęr, & nam de pequeno estádo:
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@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ Bibliography
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Sources
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ÁLVARES, Francisco. *Verdadeira informaçam das terras do Preste Joãm*.
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Álvares, Francisco. *Verdadeira informaçam das terras do Preste Joãm*.
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Lisbon: Impressa per Luis Rodrigues, 1540.
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---------. "Viaggio fatto nella Ethiopia per don Francesco Alvarez
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@ -311,7 +312,7 @@ auttori, et le navigationi, et i viaggi piu particolarmente si mostrano
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nel foglio seguente*, edited by Giovanni Batista Ramusio. Venice:
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Appresso gli Heredi di Lucantonio Giunti, 1550.
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DE BARROS, João. *Ásia de Joam de Barros, dos fectos que os Portugueses
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De Barros, João. *Ásia de Joam de Barros, dos fectos que os Portugueses
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fizeram no descobrimento et conquista dos mares et terras do Oriente*.
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Lisbon: Impressa per Germão Galharde, 1552.
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@ -324,90 +325,90 @@ Galharde, 1553.
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---------. *Terceira* *Década da Ásia* (Lisbon: Impressa per João
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Barreira, 1563.
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FAḌL ḤASAN, Yūsuf, *Kitāb al-tạbaqāt fī khusụ̄s ̣al-awliyāʼ wa-al-sạ̄lihị̄n
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Faḍl Ḥasan, Yūsuf, *Kitāb al-tạbaqāt fī khusụ̄s ̣al-awliyāʼ wa-al-sạ̄lihị̄n
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wa-al-ʻulamāʼ wa-al-shuʻarāʼ fī al-Sūdān*. Khartoum: University of
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Khartoum Press, 1974).
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STRABO. *Geography*, edited and translated by Horace L. Jones, 8 vols.
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Strabo. *Geography*, edited and translated by Horace L. Jones, 8 vols.
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Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1917-1932.
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Studies
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BOXER, Charles R. *João de Barros: Portuguese Humanist and Historian of
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Boxer, Charles R. *João de Barros: Portuguese Humanist and Historian of
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Asia*. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, 1981.
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CECCARELLI-MOROLLI, Danilo. "Un interessante brano di un manoscritto
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Ceccarelli-Morolli, Danilo. "Un interessante brano di un manoscritto
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etiopico del XVI sec. concernente la Nubia." In *Actes de la VIIIe
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Conférence internationale des études nubiennes: Lille, 11-17 septembre
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1994*, 3 vols. Villeneuve-d'Ascq: Université Charles de Gaulle--Lille
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III, 1995-1998: pp. III:67-72.
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III, 1995-1998: vol. III, pp. 67-72.
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COELHO, Antonio B. *João de Barros: Vida e obra*. Lisbon: Grupo de
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Coelho, Antonio B. *João de Barros: Vida e obra*. Lisbon: Grupo de
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Trabalho do Ministério da Educação para as Comemorações dos
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Descobrimentos Portueses, 1997.
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ELZEIN, Intisar. "Ottoman Archaeology of the Middle Nile Valley in the
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Elzein, Intisar. "Ottoman Archaeology of the Middle Nile Valley in the
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Sudan', in *The Frontiers of the Ottoman World*, edited by Andrew C. S.
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Peacock. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009: pp. 371-383.
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Peacock, pp. 371-383. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
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GRIFFITH, Francis L. *The Nubian Texts of the Christian Period*. Berlin:
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Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1913.
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ŁAJTAR, Adam. *A Late Christian Pilgrimage Centre in Nubia: The Evidence
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of Wall Inscriptions in the Upper Church at Banganarti*. Leuven:
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Peeters, 2020.
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ŁAJTAR, Adam and Giovanni RUFFINI. "Qasr Ibrim's Last Land Sale, AD 1463
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(EA 90225)." In *Nubian Voices: Studies in Nubian Christian
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Civilization*, edited by Adam Łajtar and Jacques van der Vliet. Warsaw:
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University of Warsaw/Raphael Taubenschlag Foundation, 2011: pp. 121-131.
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LEVI, Caroline A. *Yodit*. Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Oriental
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and African Studies, 1992.
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OBŁUSKI, Artur and Dorota DZIERZBICKA, *Old Dongola: Development,
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Heritage, Archaeology: Fieldwork in 2018-2019, vol. 1: Excavations*.
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Leuven: Peeters, 2021.
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RUFFINI, Giovanni. "Newer Light on the Kingdom of Dotawo." In *Qasr
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Ibrim, Between Egypt and Africa: Studies in Cultural Exchange (Nino
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Symposium, Leiden, 11-12 December 2009)*, edited by Jacques van der
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Vliet and Joost Hagen. Leuven: Peeters, 2013: pp. 179-191.
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SIMMONS, Adam. *Nubia, Ethiopia, and the Crusading World, 1095-1402*.
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Abingdon: Routledge, 2022.
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SMALL, Margaret. *Framing the World: Classical Influences on
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Sixteenth-Century Geographical Thought*. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer,
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2020.
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VAN GERVEN OEI, Vincent. *A Reference Grammar of Old Nubian*. Leuven:
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Van Gerven Oei, Vincent. *A Reference Grammar of Old Nubian*. Leuven:
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Peeters, 2021.
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VAN GERVEN OEI, Vincent and Alexandros TSAKOS. "Apostolic Memoirs in Old
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Van Gerven Oei, Vincent and Alexandros Tsakos. "Apostolic Memoirs in Old
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Nubian." In *Parabiblica Coptica,* edited by Ivan Miroshnikov. Tübingen:
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Mohr Siebeck, forthcoming.
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WERNER, Roland. *Das Christentum in Nubien: Geschichte und Gestalt einer
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Griffith, Francis L. *The Nubian Texts of the Christian Period*. Berlin:
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Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1913.
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Łajtar, Adam. *A Late Christian Pilgrimage Centre in Nubia: The Evidence
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of Wall Inscriptions in the Upper Church at Banganarti*. Leuven:
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Peeters, 2020.
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Łajtar, Adam and Giovanni Ruffini. "Qasr Ibrim's Last Land Sale, AD 1463
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(EA 90225)." In *Nubian Voices: Studies in Nubian Christian
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Civilization*, edited by Adam Łajtar and Jacques van der Vliet, pp. 121-131. Warsaw:
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University of Warsaw/Raphael Taubenschlag Foundation, 2011.
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Levi, Caroline A. *Yodit*. Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Oriental
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and African Studies, 1992.
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Obłuski, Artur and Dorota Dzierzbicka, *Old Dongola: Development,
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Heritage, Archaeology: Fieldwork in 2018-2019, vol. 1: Excavations*.
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Leuven: Peeters, 2021.
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Ruffini, Giovanni. "Newer Light on the Kingdom of Dotawo." In *Qasr
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Ibrim, Between Egypt and Africa: Studies in Cultural Exchange (Nino
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Symposium, Leiden, 11-12 December 2009)*, edited by Jacques van der
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Vliet and Joost Hagen, pp. 179-191. Leuven: Peeters, 2013.
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Simmons, Adam. *Nubia, Ethiopia, and the Crusading World, 1095-1402*.
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Abingdon: Routledge, 2022.
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Small, Margaret. *Framing the World: Classical Influences on
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Sixteenth-Century Geographical Thought*. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer,
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2020.
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Werner, Roland. *Das Christentum in Nubien: Geschichte und Gestalt einer
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afrikanischen Kirche*. Münster: LIT Verlag, 2013.
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[^1]: The circumstances of this unification are still unknown, though it
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would appear to be the result of a political union of both kingdoms
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via marriage, as there is no currently known evidence reflecting
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upheaval or a Makuritan conquest of Alwa. For a brief summary with
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references, see: VAN GERVEN OEI, *Reference Grammar*, p. 1n2. On
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Dotawo in the sources, see: RUFFINI, "Newer Light on the Kingdom of
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references, see: Van Gerven Oei, *Reference Grammar*, p. 1n2. On
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Dotawo in the sources, see: Ruffini, "Newer Light on the Kingdom of
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Dotawo."
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[^2]: He is the second Joel known in the corpus but there may have been
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others not yet known. The earlier Joel is recorded as ruling in 1322
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in an as-yet-published new interpretation of an inscription by Adam
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Łajtar: ŁAJTAR, *A Late Christian Pilgrimage Centre in Nubia*, p.
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388. On Joel \[II\], see: ŁAJTAR & RUFFINI, "Qasr Ibrim's Last Land
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Łajtar: Łajtar, *A Late Christian Pilgrimage Centre in Nubia*, p.
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388. On Joel \[II\], see: Łajtar & Ruffini, "Qasr Ibrim's Last Land
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Sale." The 1483 document found at Gebel Adda is known and currently
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housed at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo but remains unpublished.
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[^3]: FAḌL ḤASAN, *Kitāb al-tạbaqāt*, pp. 183, 275.
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[^3]: Faḍl Ḥasan, *Kitāb al-tạbaqāt*, pp. 183, 275.
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[^4]: There are currently no other known female rulers of Dotawo or of
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the earlier kingdoms of Makuria, Alwa, or Nobadia to know for sure
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@ -415,16 +416,16 @@ afrikanischen Kirche*. Münster: LIT Verlag, 2013.
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"queen" is employed here for familiarity and in keeping with the
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Portuguese text.
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[^5]: For example: WERNER, *Das Christentum in Nubien*, pp. 149-50.
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[^5]: For example: Werner, *Das Christentum in Nubien*, pp. 149-50.
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[^6]: ÁLVARES, *Verdadeira informaçam*, p. 168.
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[^6]: Álvares, *Verdadeira informaçam*, p. 168.
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[^7]: ÁLVARES, "Viaggio fatto nella Ethiopia per don Francesco Alvarez
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[^7]: Álvares, "Viaggio fatto nella Ethiopia per don Francesco Alvarez
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Portoghese", p. 269a.
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[^8]: ÁLVARES, *Verdadeira informaçam*, p. 30.
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[^8]: Álvares, *Verdadeira informaçam*, p. 30.
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[^9]: On his life and works, see: BOXER, *João de Barros*; COELHO, *João
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[^9]: On his life and works, see: Boxer, *João de Barros*; Coelho, *João
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de Barros*.
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[^10]: *Ásia de Joam de Barros,* *Segunda* *Década da Ásia*, and
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@ -435,22 +436,22 @@ afrikanischen Kirche*. Münster: LIT Verlag, 2013.
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[^11]: It is unclear here whether this is a contemporary description or,
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given it follows a passage about Queen Candaces, was imitating
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Strabo's description of his Queen Candace as being a "masculine
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woman" (ἀνδρική τις γυνὴ: STRABO, *Geography*, 17.1.54). Barros
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woman" (ἀνδρική τις γυνὴ: Strabo, *Geography*, 17.1.54). Barros
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certainly knew the text of Strabo and makes reference to it
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elsewhere; see: SMALL, *Framing the World*, p. 68.
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[^12]: DE BARROS, *Terceira Década da Ásia*, fo. 88ff.
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[^12]: De Barros, *Terceira Década da Ásia*, fo. 88ff.
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[^13]: On Bishop Tivoli, see: SIMMONS, *Nubia, Ethiopia, and the
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[^13]: On Bishop Tivoli, see: Simmons, *Nubia, Ethiopia, and the
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Crusading World,* p. 132.
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[^14]: CECCARELLI-MOROLLI, "Un interessante brano."
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[^14]: Ceccarelli-Morolli, "Un interessante brano."
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[^15]: GRIFFITH, *Nubian Texts of the Christian Period*, p. 47. On this
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text, see: VAN GERVEN OEI & TSAKOS, "Apostolic Memoirs in Old
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[^15]: Griffith, *Nubian Texts of the Christian Period*, p. 47. On this
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text, see: Van Gerven Oei & Tsakos, "Apostolic Memoirs in Old
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Nubian."
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[^16]: LEVI, *Yodit*, pp. 104-6.
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[^16]: Levi, *Yodit*, pp. 104-6.
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[^17]: There are numerous examples of women who held the title of
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*ngonnen*, or "queen-mother", in the surviving corpus and these
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@ -461,8 +462,8 @@ afrikanischen Kirche*. Münster: LIT Verlag, 2013.
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directly would, however, suggest that she wielded great power in any
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case.
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[^18]: ELZEIN, "Ottoman Archaeology"; FAḌL ḤASAN, *Kitāb al-tạbaqāt*, p.
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[^18]: Elzein, "Ottoman Archaeology"; Faḍl Ḥasan, *Kitāb al-tạbaqāt*, p.
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61.
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[^19]: For example, see the results in: OBŁUSKI & DZIERZBICKA, *Old
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[^19]: For example, see the results in: Obłuski & Dzierzbicka, *Old
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Dongola 2018-2019 vol. 1.*
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