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@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ The word "Taylorism" refers to Taylor's approach to managing industrial plants a
Amongst the new breed of "scientific managers" were a couple of American engineers, Frank Bunker Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth who became influential efficiency experts by pioneering the Motion Study method. The Gilbreths created a research methodology based on the examination of "work movements," which included filming a worker's actions and body position while keeping track of the time. They called the units of work they measured the therbligs (an anagram of their last name), each one a mere one-thousandth of a second. Amongst the new breed of "scientific managers" were a couple of American engineers, Frank Bunker Gilbreth and Lillian Moller Gilbreth who became influential efficiency experts by pioneering the Motion Study method. The Gilbreths created a research methodology based on the examination of "work movements," which included filming a worker's actions and body position while keeping track of the time. They called the units of work they measured the therbligs (an anagram of their last name), each one a mere one-thousandth of a second.
!(Price, Brian. 1992. "Frank and Lillian Gilbreth and the Motion Study Controversy, 1907-1930." In A Mental Revolution: Scientific Management since Taylor, edited by Daniel Nelson, 58-76. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.)[] [Price, Brian. 1992. "Frank and Lillian Gilbreth and the Motion Study Controversy, 1907-1930." In A Mental Revolution: Scientific Management since Taylor, edited by Daniel Nelson, 58-76. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.]()
The business efficiency approach known as time and motion study (or time-motion study) combines the Time Study work of Frederick Winslow Taylor with the Motion Study work of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. Methods engineering is the term used today to describe this comprehensive approach to work system development, which is used ubiquitously in industrial businesses and services, including schools and hospitals. It also remains the basis of contemporary processes of full work automation. The business efficiency approach known as time and motion study (or time-motion study) combines the Time Study work of Frederick Winslow Taylor with the Motion Study work of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. Methods engineering is the term used today to describe this comprehensive approach to work system development, which is used ubiquitously in industrial businesses and services, including schools and hospitals. It also remains the basis of contemporary processes of full work automation.
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ In *Counterproductive: Time management in the knowledge economy*, Melissa Gregg
> The expanding interest in scientific management and efficiency principles in the early 1900s included a significant agenda for organizing women’s work in the home. The efficiency proselytizers Harrington Emerson and Frank Gilbreth each provide an epigraph for the domestic science celebrity Christine Frederick’s Household Engineering (1915), acknowledging housewifery as demanding the highest acumen and skill. > The expanding interest in scientific management and efficiency principles in the early 1900s included a significant agenda for organizing women’s work in the home. The efficiency proselytizers Harrington Emerson and Frank Gilbreth each provide an epigraph for the domestic science celebrity Christine Frederick’s Household Engineering (1915), acknowledging housewifery as demanding the highest acumen and skill.
!(Gregg, Melissa. Counterproductive: Time management in the knowledge economy. Duke University Press, 2018.)[] [Gregg, Melissa. Counterproductive: Time management in the knowledge economy. Duke University Press, 2018.]()
While most of the early Taylorist enthusiasts and and time method managers were based in the USA, Frank Gilbreth While most of the early Taylorist enthusiasts and and time method managers were based in the USA, Frank Gilbreth
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Since the 1930s, manufacturing methods centered primarily on the utilization of
> >
> …understanding the importance, significance and objective import of the American phenomenon, which is also the biggest collective effort to date to create with unprecedented speed, and with a consciousness of purpose unmatched in history, a new type of worker and of man [sic]. The expression “consciousness of purpose” might appear humorous to say the least to anyone who recalls Taylor’s phrase about the “trained gorilla”. Taylor is in fact expressing with brutal cynicism the purpose of American society – developing in the worker to the highest degree automatic and mechanical attitudes, breaking up the old psycho-physical nexus of qualified professional work, which demands a certain active participation of intelligence, fantasy and initiative on the part of the rowrk, and reducing productive operations exclusively to the menchanical, physical aspect. […] A forced selection will ineluctably take place; a part of the old working class will be pitilessly elimintated from the world of labour, and perhaps from the world tout court. It is from this point of view that one should study the “puritanical” initiative of American industrialists like Ford. It is certain that they are not concerned with the “humanity” or the ”spirituality” of the worjer, which are immediately smashed […] “Puritanical” initiatives simply have the purpose of preservieng outside of work, a certain psucho-physical equilibrium which prevents the psyhisological collapse of the worker… > …understanding the importance, significance and objective import of the American phenomenon, which is also the biggest collective effort to date to create with unprecedented speed, and with a consciousness of purpose unmatched in history, a new type of worker and of man [sic]. The expression “consciousness of purpose” might appear humorous to say the least to anyone who recalls Taylor’s phrase about the “trained gorilla”. Taylor is in fact expressing with brutal cynicism the purpose of American society – developing in the worker to the highest degree automatic and mechanical attitudes, breaking up the old psycho-physical nexus of qualified professional work, which demands a certain active participation of intelligence, fantasy and initiative on the part of the rowrk, and reducing productive operations exclusively to the menchanical, physical aspect. […] A forced selection will ineluctably take place; a part of the old working class will be pitilessly elimintated from the world of labour, and perhaps from the world tout court. It is from this point of view that one should study the “puritanical” initiative of American industrialists like Ford. It is certain that they are not concerned with the “humanity” or the ”spirituality” of the worjer, which are immediately smashed […] “Puritanical” initiatives simply have the purpose of preservieng outside of work, a certain psucho-physical equilibrium which prevents the psyhisological collapse of the worker…
!(Antonio Gramsci, Americanism and Fordism, from Prison Notebooks, p.303)[] [Antonio Gramsci, Americanism and Fordism, from Prison Notebooks, p.303] ()
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