!publish!

content/section/americandepartment.md

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ In *Counterproductive: Time management in the knowledge economy*, Melissa Gregg
 
 While most of the early Taylorist enthusiasts and and time method managers were based in the USA, Frank Gilbreth spent much of 1913 and 1914 at the Auergesellschaft company, which was allied with Allgemeine Elektrizitats-Gesellschaft (AEG), the largest German engineering firm. The exact nature of Gilbreth's work and his relations with his client remain a mystery, but Walther Rathenau, the head of AEG, and Wichard von Moellendorff, one of its key manufacturing executives, were among the most influential promoters of scientific management in Germany during the following decade.
  
-!(Nelson, Daniel, ed. A mental revolution: Scientific management since Taylor. Ohio State University Press, 1992, p.18)[]
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 # Henry Ford: a total transformation of society
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Since the 1930s, manufacturing methods centered primarily on the utilization of
 
 > …understanding the importance, significance and objective import of the American phenomenon, which is also the biggest collective effort to date to create with unprecedented speed, and with a consciousness of purpose unmatched in history, a new type of worker and of man [sic]. The expression “consciousness of purpose” might appear humorous to say the least to anyone who recalls Taylor’s phrase about the “trained gorilla”. Taylor is in fact expressing with brutal cynicism the purpose of American society – developing in the worker to the highest degree automatic and mechanical attitudes, breaking up the old psycho-physical nexus of qualified professional work, which demands a certain active participation of intelligence, fantasy and initiative on the part of the rowrk, and reducing productive operations exclusively to the menchanical, physical aspect. […] A forced selection will ineluctably take place; a part of the old working class will be pitilessly elimintated from the world of labour, and perhaps from the world tout court. It is from this point of view that one should study the “puritanical” initiative of American industrialists like Ford. It is certain that they are not concerned with the “humanity” or the ”spirituality” of the worjer, which are immediately smashed […] “Puritanical” initiatives simply have the purpose of preservieng outside of work, a certain psucho-physical equilibrium which prevents the psyhisological collapse of the worker…
 
-[Antonio Gramsci, Americanism and Fordism, from Prison Notebooks, p.303] ()
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 # Methods-Time Measurement (MTM)