finished jakobi bib
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title: "Nubian Verb Extensions and Some Nyima Correspondences"
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authors: ["angelikajakobi.md"]
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abstract: "Having a historical-comparative approach this paper is concerned with the reconstruction of some Proto-Nubian derivational morphemes comprising two causatives, two applicatives, and two suffixes deriving verbal plural stems, as well as a now defunct causative prefix. When discussing applicatives in the Nile Nubian languages, it is argued that they involve converbs, i.e., dependent verbs, which in Old Nubian and Nobiin are marked by the suffix *-a.* This verbal suffix is considered to be distinct from the homophonous predicate marker *-a* which occurs as a clitic on various other hosts. The paper also points out that some of the Nubian verb extensions correspond to Nyima (mostly Ama) extensions, thus providing strong evidence of the genetic relationship between Nubian and Nyima. Perhaps the most striking evidence of Nubian–Ama relations and the coherence of the Nilo-Saharan phylum as a whole is provided by the archaic Nilo-Saharan **ɪ-.* The reflexes of this prefix in Nubian and Ama, along with the archaic Nubian prefix **m-,* which serves as verbal negation marker, supports Dimmendaal’s hypothesis that these languages have undergone a restructuring process from originally prefixing to predominantly suffixing languages."
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keywords: ["Nubian", "comparative linguistics", "Nyima", "North Eastern Sudanic"]
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keywords: ["Nubian", "comparative linguistics", "Nyima", "Northern East Sudanic"]
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---
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# Introduction {#1}
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@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ Converbs are known from various verb-final languages of Eurasia and South Americ
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The characteristic semantic, syntactic, and morphological properties of converbs in the Nile Nubian languages are first illustrated by three Nobiin examples. The converbs in (103) express a series of events, each of the transitive converbs being preceded by its acc-marked object argument. The converb *joog-j-a* additionally has an [ins]({sc})-marked adjunct *jaaw=log.* Thus, the converb(s) and the finite main verb together with their arguments and adjuncts constitute a multiclausal construction.[^115]
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[^115]: Example from *Nobiiguun Kummaanchii,* p. 54.
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[^115]: Example from Hashim, *Nobiiguun Kummaanchii,* p. 54.
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{{< gloss "(103)" >}}
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{r} **Nobiin**
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@ -2262,7 +2262,7 @@ Bender, M. Lionel. “Nilo-Saharan.” In *African Languages: An Introduction,*
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Bender, M. Lionel. *The Nilo-Saharan Languages: A Comparative Essay.* Munich: Lincom Europa, 1996.
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Blench, Roger M. “Morphological Evidence for the Coherence of East Sudanic.” *Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies* 7 (2020): 
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Blench, Roger M. “Morphological Evidence for the Coherence of East Sudanic.” *Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies* 7 (2020): .
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Browne, Gerald M. *Old Nubian Dictionary.* Leuven: Peeters, 1996.
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@ -2298,15 +2298,17 @@ Gerven Oei, Vincent W.J. van. “A Note on the Old Nubian Morpheme ‑ⲁ in Nom
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Gerven Oei, Vincent W.J. van. *A Reference Grammar of Old Nubian.* Leuven: Peeters, forthcoming.
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Greenberg, Joseph H. *Studies in African Linguistic Classification.* New Haven: Compass, 1955. [SCAN]
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Greenberg, Joseph H. *Studies in African Linguistic Classification.* New Haven: Compass, 1955.
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Greenberg, Joseph H. *The Languages of Africa.* 3rd edition. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970.
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Grüning, Manfred. *A Sketch of the Midob Verbal Morphology.* MA Thesis, Redcliffe College, 2014.
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Hashim, Mohamed El-Hadi Hassan. *Nobiiguun Kummaanchii – Shoo Urragi. Nobiin Stories,* Vol. 1. Edited and translated by R. Werner. Berlin: Nubian Press, 2005.
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Haspelmath, Martin. “The Grammaticization of Passive Morphology.” *Studies in Language* 14, no. 1 (1990): pp. 25–72.
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Haspelmath, Martin. “Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb ‘Give’.” In *The World Atlas of Language Structures Online,* edited by M.S. Dryer & M. Haspelmath. Leipzig, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 2013 (Available online at http://wals.info/chapter/105, Accessed on 2020-11-21).
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Haspelmath, Martin. “Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb ‘Give’.” In *The World Atlas of Language Structures Online,* edited by M.S. Dryer & M. Haspelmath. Leipzig, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 2013. http://wals.info/chapter/105.
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Hintze, Fritz. “Beobachtungen zur altnubischen Grammatik I und II.” *Berliner Beiträge zur Ägyptologie und Sudanarchäologie* 20, no. 3 (1971): pp. 287-293.
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@ -2328,4 +2330,64 @@ Jakobi, Angelika, Ali Ibrahim & Ibrahim Gulfan. “Verbal Number and Grammatical
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Kauczor, P. Daniel. *Die bergnubische Sprache (Dialekt von Gebel Deleṅ).* Vienna: Alfred Hölder, 1920.
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Keenan, E.L. & M.S. Dryer. “Passive in the World’s Languages.” In *Language Typology and Syntactic Description,* Vol. 1: *Clause Structure,* edited by T. Shopen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007: pp. 325–361.
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Keenan, Edward L. & Matthew S. Dryer. “Passive in the World’s Languages.” In *Language Typology and Syntactic Description,* Vol. 1: *Clause Structure,* edited by T. Shopen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007: pp. 325–361.
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Khalil, Mohamed K. “The Verbal Plural Marker in Nobiin (Nile Nubian).” *Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies* 2 (2015): pp. 59–71.
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Lepsius, C. Richard. *Nubische Grammatik mit einer Einleitung über die Völker und Sprachen Afrikas.* Berlin: Wilhelm Hertz, 1880.
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Massenbach, Gertrud von. “Wörterbuch des nubischen Kunûzi-Dialektes mit einer grammatischen Einleitung.” *Mitteilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen* 36 (1933): pp. 99–227.
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Mufwene, Salikoko S. *Stativity and the Progressive.* Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club, 1984.
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Norton, Russell. “Number in Ama Verbs.” *Occasional Papers in the Study of Sudanese Languages* 10 (2012): pp. 75–93.
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Norton, Russell. . “The Ama Dual Suffix: An Internal Reconstruction.” In *Nilo-Saharan: Models and Descriptions,* edited by Angelika Mietzner & Anne Storch. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe, 2015: pp. 113–122.
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Norton Russell. “Ama Verbs in Comparative Perspective.” *Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies* 7 (2020): .
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Noonan, Michael. “Genetic Classification and Language Contact.” In *Handbook of Language Contact,* edited by R. Hickey. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010: pp. 48–65.
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Pointner, Lena. “Verbal Number in Tabaq.” In *Nuba Mountain Language Studies: New Insights,* edited by Gertrud Schneider-Blum, Birgit Hellwig & Gerrit J. Dimmendaal. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe, 2018: pp. 77–97. [SCAN]
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Rapold, C.J. “Defining Converbs Ten Years On – A Hitchhikers’ Guide.” In *Converbs, Medial Verbs, Clause chaining, and Related Issues,* edited by S. Völlmin, A. Amha, C.J. Rapold & S. Zaugg-Coretti. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag: pp. 7-30. [SCAN]
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Reinisch, Leo. *Die Nuba-Sprache*. 2 vols. Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller, 1879.
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Reinisch, Leo. *Die sprachliche Stellung des Nuba*. Vienna: Hölder, 1911.
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Rilly, Claude. “The Linguistic Position of Meroitic: New Perspectives for Understanding the Texts.” *Sudan & Nubia* 12 (2008): pp. 2–12.
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Rilly, Claude. *Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique.* Leuven: Peeters, 2010.
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Rottland, Franz & Angelika Jakobi. “Loan Word Evidence from the Nuba Mountains: Kordofan Nubian and the Nyimang Group.” *Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere,* Sondernummer (1991): pp. 249–269. [BIB]
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Slobin, Dan I. “What Makes Manner of Motion Verbs Salient? Explorations in Linguistic Typology, Discourse and Cognition.” In *Space in Languages. Linguistic Systems and Cognitive Categories,* edited by Maya Hickmann & Stéphane Robert. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2006: pp. 59-81.
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Smagina, Eugenia B. *The Old Nubian Language.* Translated by José Andrés Alonso de la Fuente. Dotawo Monograph 3. Earth: punctum books, 2017.
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Starostin, George. “Lexicostatistical Studies in East Sudanic I: On the Genetic Unity of Nubian–Nara–Tama.” *Journal of Language Relationship* 15, no. 2 (2017): pp. 87–113.
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Stevenson, Roland C. “A Survey of the Phonetics and Grammatical Structures of the Nuba Mountain Languages, with Particular Reference to Otoro, Katcha and Nyimang.” *Afrika und Übersee* 40 (1956): pp. 73-84, 93-115.
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Stevenson, Roland C. “A Survey of the Phonetics and Grammatical Structures of the Nuba Mountain Languages, with Particular Reference to Otoro, Katcha and Nyimang.” *Afrika und Übersee* 41 (1957): pp. 27-65, 117-152, 171-196.
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Stevenson, Roland, Franz Rottland & Angelika Jakobi. “The Verb in Nyimang and Dinik.” *Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere* 32 (1992): pp. 5-64.
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Thelwall, R. “Lexicostatistical Relations between Nubian, Daju and Dinka.” In *Etudes Nubiennes, Colloque de Chantilly, 2-6 Juillet 1975,* edited by Jean Leclant and Jean Vercouttier. Cairo: IFAO, 1978: pp. 265-286.
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Thelwall, R. “Midob Nubian: Phonology, Grammatical Notes, and Basic Vocabulary.” In *Nilo-Saharan Language Studies,* edited by M. Lionel Bender. East Lansing: African Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1983: pp. 97–113. [SCAN]
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Tucker, A.N. & M.A. Bryan. *Linguistic Analyses: The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa.* London: Oxford University Press, 1966.
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Veselinova, L.N. “Verbal Number and Suppletion.” In *The World Atlas of Language Structures Online,* edited by M.S. Dryer & M. Haspelmath. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 2013. http://wals.info/chapter/80.
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Voogt, Alexander J. de. “Dual Marking and Kinship Terms in Afitti.” *Studies in Language* 35, no. 4 (2011): pp. 898–911.
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Werner, Roland. *Grammatik des Nobiin (Nilnubisch).* Hamburg: Helmut Buske, 1987.
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Werner, Roland. *Tìdn-áal: A Study of Midob (Darfur-Nubian).* Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1993.
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Werner, Roland. “Ideophones in Nobiin,” unpublished ms presented as hand-out at the 9th Nilo-Saharan Linguistics Colloquium at Khartoum, 2004.
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Zyhlarz, Ernst. “Die Lautverschiebungen des Nubischen.” *Zeitschrift für Eingeborenen-Sprachen* 35 (1949/50): pp. 1-20, 1 28-146, 280-313. [BIB]
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---
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title: "Personal Markers in Meroitic"
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authors: ["clauderilly.md"]
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abstract: ""
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abstract: "please provide an abstract"
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keywords: ["Meroitic", "Meroe", "Kush", Napata", "pronouns", "Egyptian", "decipherment", "verbal morphology", "pronominal morphology", "person", "comparative linguistics", "Old Nubian", "Nobiin", "Andaandi", "Ama", "Nara", "Taman", "Mattokki", "Karko"]
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---
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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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---
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title: "Restoring “Nile-Nubian”: How To Balance Lexicostatistics and Etymology in Historical Research on Nubian Languages"
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authors: ["georgestarostin.md"]
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abstract: " "
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abstract: "please provide an abstract"
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keywords: ["comparative linguistics", "Nilo-Saharan", "glottochronology", "lexicostatistics", "Nubian"]
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---
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---
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title: "A Brief History of Northern East Sudanic Linguistics"
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authors: ["vincentwjvangervenoei.md"]
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abstract: ""
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keywords: [""]
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---
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# The First Hints
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# An Orphaned Family
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Nilo-Saharan first proposed in Greenberg 1963: 130–148
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Details remain a matter of debate, Dimmendaal 2008: 843–44
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Nilo Saharan is not broadly recognized as a linguistic unity
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# Issues
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## The Position of Nobiin
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Nobiin separate:
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Thelwall 1982, BG 1984, 1989, 1996
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Nobiin in Nile Nubian:
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Rilly 2010, 274–278 and Starostin 2017, 2020, this issue
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## The Inclusion of Meroitic
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History of discussion on Meroitic language family pertinence
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## The Inclusion of Nyima
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Ehret 2001, 88 excludes Nyima from "Astaboran"
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Bender 1997, 30 (Ek) and Rilly 2010, 158 include it
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# The Development of Northern East Sudanic
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take from lecture at PCMA Cairo
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---
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title: "Dotawo 7: Comparative Northern East Sudanic Linguistics"
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author: "Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei"
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has_articles: ["rilly.md", "jakobi.md", "norton.md", "starostin.md", "blench.md"]
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has_articles: ["rilly.md", "norton.md", "jakobi.md", "starostin.md", "blench.md"]
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---
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# Preface by the Editor
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The seventh issue of *Dotawo* is dedicated to Comparative Northern East Sudanic linguistics, offering new insights in the historical connections between the Nubian languages and other members of the NES family such as Nyimang, Tama, Nara, and Meroitic. A special focus is placed on comparative morphology.
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[discuss individual contributions]
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### An Orphaned Family
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Nilo-Saharan first proposed in Greenberg 1963: 130–148
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Details remain a matter of debate, Dimmendaal 2008: 843–44
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Nilo Saharan is not broadly recognized as a linguistic unity
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### Issues
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#### The Position of Nobiin
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Nobiin separate:
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Thelwall 1982, BG 1984, 1989, 1996
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Nobiin in Nile Nubian:
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Rilly 2010, 274–278 and Starostin 2017, 2020, this issue
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#### The Inclusion of Meroitic
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History of discussion on Meroitic language family pertinence
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#### The Inclusion of Nyima
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Ehret 2001, 88 excludes Nyima from "Astaboran"
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Bender 1997, 30 (Ek) and Rilly 2010, 158 include it
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#### The Development of Northern East Sudanic
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take from lecture at PCMA Cairo
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# Bibliography
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