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@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ In the 2000 issue of the *Meroitic Newsletter,* I published an article to show t
{g} *mlowi*,health|*d-n-se-l-o*,[pm-vc-det-cop]({sc})|*bnebeseni*,?| {g} *mlowi*,health|*d-n-se-l-o*,[pm-vc-det-cop]({sc})|*bnebeseni*,?|
{{< /gloss >}} {{< /gloss >}}
The decrees always begin with the mention of the beneficiaries in the vocative. They can be called either by their name or by their title. The verbal compound in formula A (*yirohe-se-l-o-wi/d-irohe-se-l-o-wi*) is partly obscure, but it is not an optative or an imperative ([5.1](#iv1)). It is a periphrastic form — probably with an aspectual or modal value — since it includes the determiner *-l* used as nominalizer, followed by the copula. Accordingly, an explicit personal marker is expected, more precisely a [2sg]([sc]), because of the vocative. Many texts are so damaged that it is impossible to know whether the initial vocative phrase included a name or a title, but each time it is preserved, the formulae with initial *d-* occur after the titles and those with initial *y(i)-* after the proper names. This initial *d-* is very likely the expected 2nd person subject prefix, a short version of the independent pronoun *are/\*ade* “you [sg]({sc})” or the singular of *de-b* “you [pl]({sc}),” without the plural suffix *-b.* The decrees always begin with the mention of the beneficiaries in the vocative. They can be called either by their name or by their title. The verbal compound in formula A (*yirohe-se-l-o-wi/d-irohe-se-l-o-wi*) is partly obscure, but it is not an optative or an imperative ([5.1](#iv1)). It is a periphrastic form — probably with an aspectual or modal value — since it includes the determiner *-l* used as nominalizer, followed by the copula. Accordingly, an explicit personal marker is expected, more precisely a [2sg]({sc}), because of the vocative. Many texts are so damaged that it is impossible to know whether the initial vocative phrase included a name or a title, but each time it is preserved, the formulae with initial *d-* occur after the titles and those with initial *y(i)-* after the proper names. This initial *d-* is very likely the expected 2nd person subject prefix, a short version of the independent pronoun *are/\*ade* “you [sg]({sc})” or the singular of *de-b* “you [pl]({sc}),” without the plural suffix *-b.*
The verb used in formula A is *arohe,* which, in these oracular decrees, probably means “take under someone’s protection.”[^111] It can also signify “take control,” hence “take prisoner” in military contexts (see (20)). From the two nouns groups present in formula A, only *wte-li* "life(time)" is known. A very tentative translation of formula A with prefix *d-* would be “Oh you, the XXX, you shall (?) be protected for your lifetime and your ???.” The other prefix *y(i)-* remains an enigma. It is not certain that it can be also regarded as a personal marker. Since *yi-* is a late spelling for initial /i/, it may be present in the form of the sign *i* in the verbal compound *d-i-(a)rohe-se-l-o-wi.* In that case, *yiroheselowi* would be a variant of *d-irohe-se-l-o-wi* unmarked for person. The verb used in formula A is *arohe,* which, in these oracular decrees, probably means “take under someone’s protection.”[^111] It can also signify “take control,” hence “take prisoner” in military contexts (see (20)). From the two nouns groups present in formula A, only *wte-li* "life(time)" is known. A very tentative translation of formula A with prefix *d-* would be “Oh you, the XXX, you shall (?) be protected for your lifetime and your ???.” The other prefix *y(i)-* remains an enigma. It is not certain that it can be also regarded as a personal marker. Since *yi-* is a late spelling for initial /i/, it may be present in the form of the sign *i* in the verbal compound *d-i-(a)rohe-se-l-o-wi.* In that case, *yiroheselowi* would be a variant of *d-irohe-se-l-o-wi* unmarked for person.
@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ Rilly, Claude & Vincent Francigny. ![“Excavations of the French Archaeological
Rilly, Claude & Vincent Francigny. ![“Closer to the Ancestors: Excavations of the French Mission in Sedeinga 2013–2017.”](bib:991696c2-1a9d-4516-a318-c8ee541d1f30) *Sudan & Nubia* 22 (2018): pp. 65–74. Rilly, Claude & Vincent Francigny. ![“Closer to the Ancestors: Excavations of the French Mission in Sedeinga 2013–2017.”](bib:991696c2-1a9d-4516-a318-c8ee541d1f30) *Sudan & Nubia* 22 (2018): pp. 65–74.
Schenkel, Wolfgang. !“[Meroitisches und Barya-Verb: Versuch einer Bestimmung der Tempusbildung der Meroitischen.”](bib:96a4cdaf-0f6e-492c-a8fe-ed105a5c779b) *Meroitic Newsletter* 11 (1972): pp. 1–16. Schenkel, Wolfgang. ![Meroitisches und Barya-Verb: Versuch einer Bestimmung der Tempusbildung der Meroitischen.”](bib:96a4cdaf-0f6e-492c-a8fe-ed105a5c779b) *Meroitic Newsletter* 11 (1972): pp. 1–16.
Schenkel, Wolfgang. ![“Zur Struktur des Verbalkomplexes in den Schlußformel der meroitischen Totentexte.”](bib:4661301d-204e-45db-a0f3-c3a0ac44e3a2) *Meroitic Newsletter* 12 (1973): pp. 2–22. Schenkel, Wolfgang. ![“Zur Struktur des Verbalkomplexes in den Schlußformel der meroitischen Totentexte.”](bib:4661301d-204e-45db-a0f3-c3a0ac44e3a2) *Meroitic Newsletter* 12 (1973): pp. 2–22.