From 6abcc8e03d785b094d8caf62856c0f673ed3b4e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alexandros Tsakos Date: Fri, 14 Apr 2023 09:23:32 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] matic final --- content/article/urosmatic.md | 310 +++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 155 insertions(+), 155 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/article/urosmatic.md b/content/article/urosmatic.md index d712149..524275a 100644 --- a/content/article/urosmatic.md +++ b/content/article/urosmatic.md @@ -774,7 +774,7 @@ in Demotic Wisdom Texts." *Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur* 25 (1998): pp. 7--46. Dowson, Thomas A. "Why Queer Archaeology? An Introduction." -*World Archaeology* 32.2 (2000): pp. 161--165. +*World Archaeology* 32.2 (2000): pp. 161--5. Gamer-Wallert, Ingrid. *Der Löwentempel von Naqa in der Butana (Sudan) III. Die Wandreliefs. 2. Tafeln*. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1983. @@ -794,11 +794,11 @@ the War System and Vice Versa*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Haaland, Randi. "Emergence of Sedentism: New Ways of -Living, New Ways of Symbolizing." *Antiquity* 71 (1997): pp. 374--385. +Living, New Ways of Symbolizing." *Antiquity* 71 (1997): pp. 374--85. Haaland, Gunnar, and Randi Haaland. "Who Speaks the Goddess's Language? Imagination and Method in Archaeological -Research." *Norwegian Archaeological Review* 28.2 (1995): pp. 105--121. +Research." *Norwegian Archaeological Review* 28.2 (1995): pp. 105--21. Hafsaas-Tsakos, Henriette. "Edges of Bronze and Expressions of Masculinity: The Emergence of a Warrior Class at Kerma in @@ -873,7 +873,7 @@ Lohwasser, Angelika. "Kush and Her Neighbours beyond the Nile Valley." In *The Fourth Cataract and Beyond. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference for Nubian Studies. British Museum Publications on Egypt and Sudan 1*, edited by Julie R. Anderson and -Derek A. Welsby, pp. 125--134. Leuven: Peeters, 2014. +Derek A. Welsby, pp. 125--34. Leuven: Peeters, 2014. Lohwasser, Angelika. "The Role and Status of Royal Women in Kush." In *The Routledge Companion to Women and Monarchy in the @@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ Lohwasser, Angelika, and Jacke Philipps. "Women in Ancient Kush." In *The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia*, edited by Geoff Emberling and Bruce Williams, pp. -1015--1032. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. +1015--32. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. Macadam, Miles Frederick Laming. *The Temples of Kawa. I. The Inscriptions. Text*. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1949. @@ -897,13 +897,13 @@ Matić, Uroš. "Der Kopf einer Augustus-Statue aus Meroe". Matić, Uroš. "Die \'\'römische\'\' Feinde in der meroitischen Kunst." *Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der -Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin* 26 (2015): pp. 251--262. +Sudanarchäologischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin* 26 (2015): pp. 251--62. Matić, Uroš. "Children on the Move: *ms.w wr.w* in the New Kingdom Procession Scenes." In *There and Back Again -- the Crossroads II Proceedings of an International Conference Held in Prague, September 15--18, 2014*, edited by Jana Mynářová, Pavel -Onderka, and Peter Pavúk, pp. 373--390. Prague: Charles +Onderka, and Peter Pavúk, pp. 373--90. Prague: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts, 2015. Matić, Uroš. "The Best of the Booty of His Majesty: @@ -915,21 +915,21 @@ Egypt in Global Contexts*, edited by Christian Langer, pp. Matić, Uroš. "Her Striking but Cold Beauty: Gender and Violence in Depictions of Queen Nefertiti Smiting the Enemies." In *Archaeologies of Gender and Violence*, edited by Uroš Matić and Bo -Jensen, pp. 103--121. Oxford: Oxbow Books 2017. +Jensen, pp. 103--21. Oxford: Oxbow Books 2017. Matić, Uroš. *Body and Frames of War in New Kingdom Egypt: Violent treatment of enemies and prisoners*. Philippika 134. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2019. Matić, Uroš. "Begehrte Beute. Fremde Frauen als Raubgut im -Alten Ägypten." *Antike Welt* 4.19 (2019): pp. 15--18. +Alten Ägypten." *Antike Welt* 4.19 (2019): pp. 15--8. Matić, Uroš. "Traditionally Unharmed? Women and Children in NK Battle Scenes." In *Tradition and Transformation. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress for Young Egyptologists, Vienna, 15-19 September 2015*. Denkschriften der Gesamtakademie 84. Contributions to the Archaeology of Egypt, Nubia and the Levant 6, edited by Andrea -Kahlbacher and Elisa Priglinger, pp. 245--260. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen +Kahlbacher and Elisa Priglinger, pp. 245--60. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2019. Matić, Uroš. "Pharaonic Plunder Economy. New Kingdom @@ -953,13 +953,13 @@ Gallus from Philae." In *Tradition and Transformation: Egypt under the Roman Rule. Proceedings of the International Conference, Hildsheim, Roemer- and Pelizaeus-Museum, 3-6 July 2008*. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East Vol. 41, edited by Katja Lembke, Martina -Minas-Nerpel, and Stefan Pfeiffer, pp. 265--298. Leiden: +Minas-Nerpel, and Stefan Pfeiffer, pp. 265--98. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Nordström, Hans-Åke. "Gender and Social Structure in the Nubian A-Group." In *Combining the Past and the Present. Archaeological Perspectives on Society*, edited by Terje Oestigaard, Nils -Anfinset, and Tore Saetersdal, pp. 127--133. Oxford: +Anfinset, and Tore Saetersdal, pp. 127--33. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 2004. O'Connor, David, and Stephen Quirke. @@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ Peust & Gutschmidt Verlag, 1999 Phillips, Jacke. "Women in Ancient Nubia." In *Women in Antiquity: Real Women across the Ancient World*, edited by Stephanie -Lynn Budin and Jean MacIntosh Turfa, pp. 280--298. London and New York: Routledge, +Lynn Budin and Jean MacIntosh Turfa, pp. 280--98. London and New York: Routledge, 2016. Pomerantseva, Natalia A. "The View on Meroitic Kings and @@ -991,7 +991,7 @@ Queens as it is Reflected in Their Iconography." In *Studien zum antiken Sudan. Akten der 7. Internationalen Tagung für meroitistische Forschungen vom 14. bis 19. September 1992 in Gosen/bei Berlin*. Meroitica. Schriften zur altsudanesischen Geschichte und Archäologie 15, -edited by Steffen Wenig, pp. 622--632. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1999. +edited by Steffen Wenig, pp. 622--32. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1999. Pope, Jeremy. *The Double Kingdom under Taharqo*. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 69. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2014. @@ -1001,11 +1001,11 @@ and II*. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019. Redford, Donald. "Taharqa in Western Asia and Libya." *Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies* 24 -(1993): pp. 188--191. +(1993): pp. 188--91. Revez, Jean. "Une stèle inédite de la Troisième Période Intermédiaire à Karnak: une guerre civile en Thébaïde?" *Cahiers de Karnak* 11 (2003): -pp. 535--569. +pp. 535--69. Rilly, Claude. "New Advances in the Understanding of Royal Meroitic Inscriptions." In *11th International Conference for Meroitic @@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ Shinnie, Peter L., and Bradley, Rebecca J. "The Murals from the Augustus Temple, Meroe." In *Studies in Ancient Egypt, the Aegean, and the Sudan; Essays in Honor of Dows Dunham on the Occasion of His 90th Birthday, June 1, 1980*, edited by William Kelly -Simpson, pp. 167--172. Boston: Department of Egyptian and Ancient Near +Simpson, pp. 167--72. Boston: Department of Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art, Museum of Fine Arts, 1981. Sørensen, Marie Louise Stig. *Gender Archaeology*. @@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ Region between Ancient Nubia and Egypt 3700 BC-500 AD*. Probleme der Williamson, Jacquelyn. "Alone before the God: Gender, Status, and Nefertiti's Image." *Journal of the American Research Center -in Egypt* 51 (2015): pp. 179--192. +in Egypt* 51 (2015): pp. 179--92. Wilkins, Alan, Hans Barnard, and Pamela J. Rose. "Roman Artillery Balls from Qasr Ibrim, @@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ International Conference for Meroitic Studies, Vienna, 1-4 September Verein der Förderer der Sudanforschung, 2015. Zach, Michael H. "A Remark on the 'Akinidad' Stela REM -1003 (British Museum EA 1650)." *Sudan and Nubia* 21 (2007): pp. 148--150. +1003 (British Museum EA 1650)." *Sudan and Nubia* 21 (2007): pp. 148--50. Žižek, Slavoj. *Violence. Six Sideways Reflections*. New York: Picador, 2008. @@ -1137,10 +1137,10 @@ York: Picador, 2008. [^4]: Lohwasser, "Gibt es mehr als zwei Geschlechter? Zum Verhältnis von Gender und Alter," pp. 33--41. -[^5]: Phillips, "Women in Ancient Nubia," pp. 280--298. The +[^5]: Phillips, "Women in Ancient Nubia," pp. 280--98. The necessity of studying gender, rather than focusing solely on women has also been emphasized recently, Lohwasser and - Philipps, "Women in Ancient Kush," pp. 1015--1032. + Philipps, "Women in Ancient Kush," pp. 1015--32. [^6]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, "Edges of Bronze and Expressions of Masculinity"; Karlsson, "Gender and Kushite State @@ -1160,28 +1160,28 @@ York: Picador, 2008. we need archaeologies of gender and violence, and why now?," pp. 1--23. [^10]: Bourdieu, *Masculine Domination*, pp. 1--2; Bourdieu, - "Symbolic Violence," pp. 339--342; Žižek, *Violence. Six + "Symbolic Violence," pp. 339--42; Žižek, *Violence. Six Sideways Reflections*, pp. 1--2; for the application of these concepts in archaeology and Egyptology, see Jensen and Matić, "Introduction: Why do We Need Archaeologies of Gender and Violence, and Why Now?," pp. 1--23; Matić, "Traditionally Unharmed? Women and Children in NK Battle Scenes," - pp. 245--260; Matić, *Body and Frames of War*, pp. 139--148; + pp. 245--60; Matić, *Body and Frames of War*, pp. 139--48; Matić, *Violence and Gender in Ancient Egypt*. [^11]: For example, see Kuhrt, "Women and War," pp. 1--25. [^12]: Matić, "Die \'\'römische\'\' Feinde in der - meroitischen Kunst," pp. 251--262; Spalinger, *The + meroitischen Kunst," pp. 251--62; Spalinger, *The Persistence of Memory in Kush*; Spalinger, *Leadership - under Fire*, pp. 201--242; Wöß, "The Representations of + under Fire*, pp. 201--42; Wöß, "The Representations of Captives and Enemies in Meroitic Art," pp. 585--600. [^13]: Matić, "Her Striking but Cold Beauty: Gender and Violence in Depictions of Queen Nefertiti Smiting the Enemies," - pp. 103--121; Matić, "Traditionally Unharmed? Women and - Children in NK Battle Scenes," pp. 245--260; Matić, *Body - and Frames of War in New Kingdom Egypt*, pp. 139--148; Matić, *Violence + pp. 103--21; Matić, "Traditionally Unharmed? Women and + Children in NK Battle Scenes," pp. 245--60; Matić, *Body + and Frames of War in New Kingdom Egypt*, pp. 139--48; Matić, *Violence and Gender in Ancient Egypt*. [^14]: Butler, *Frames of War*, pp. 1--10. @@ -1222,59 +1222,59 @@ York: Picador, 2008. [^24]: Pope, *The Double Kingdom under Taharqo*, 98-106. [^25]: Macadam, *The Temples of Kawa I. Plates*, Pl. 15; - FHN I, 222. + FHN I, p. 222. [^26]: For appointing prisoners of war to temples and temple workshops - in New Kingdom Egypt see, Matić, "The best of the - booty of His Majesty: Evidence for foreign child labor in New - Kingdom Egypt." 53--63. + in New Kingdom Egypt, see Matić, "The Best of the + Booty of His Majesty: Evidence for Foreign Child Labor in New + Kingdom Egypt," pp. 53--63. -[^27]: FHN II, 447. +[^27]: FHN II, p. 447. -[^28]: FHN II, 449. +[^28]: FHN II, p. 449. -[^29]: FHN II, 487; Peust, *Das Napatanische*, 40. +[^29]: FHN II, p. 487; Peust, *Das Napatanische*, p. 40. -[^30]: Pope, *The Double Kingdom under Taharqo*, 105. +[^30]: Pope, *The Double Kingdom under Taharqo*, p. 105. -[^31]: FHN II, 488. +[^31]: FHN II, p. 488. [^32]: It is also possible that some of them ended up enslaved in the Mediterranean world, Burstein, "The Nubian Slave Trade in Antiquity: - A Suggestion". + A Suggestion." -[^33]: FHN II, 489. +[^33]: FHN II, p. 489. -[^34]: FHN II; 489--490. +[^34]: FHN II; pp. 489--90. -[^35]: FHN II, 490. +[^35]: FHN II, p. 490. [^36]: FHN II, 491. [^37]: Török, "Sacred Landscape, Historical Identity and - Memory." 161; For the same practice in ancient Egypt, at least until - the New Kingdom, see Matić, "The best of the booty of - His Majesty: Evidence for foreign child labor in New Kingdom Egypt." - 53--63. + Memory," p. 161; For the same practice in ancient Egypt, at least until + the New Kingdom, see Matić, "The Best of the Booty of + His Majesty: Evidence for Foreign Child Labor in New Kingdom Egypt," + pp. 53--63. -[^38]: FHN II; 722-723; The connection to the conflict with Rome has +[^38]: FHN II, pp. 722-3; The connection to the conflict with Rome has been challenged since, Zach, "A Remark on the - 'Akinidad' Stela REM 1003 (British Museum EA 1650)." 148. + 'Akinidad' Stela REM 1003 (British Museum EA 1650)," p. 148. [^39]: Rilly, "New Advances in the Understanding of Royal - Meroitic Inscriptions."; Rilly, "Meroitische Texte aus - Naga."; Rilly, "Fragments of the Meroitic Report of + Meroitic Inscriptions"; Rilly, "Meroitische Texte aus + Naga"; Rilly, "Fragments of the Meroitic Report of the War Between Rome and Meroe." -[^40]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, 209; - see also Török, *Meroe City*, 104. +[^40]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, p. 209; + see also Török, *Meroe City*, p. 104. -[^41]: Török, *Meroe City*, 104. +[^41]: Török, *Meroe City*, p. 104. -[^42]: Török, *The Kingdom of Kush*, 401; - Török, *The Image of the Ordered World*, 219--220. +[^42]: Török, *The Kingdom of Kush*, p. 401; + Török, *The Image of the Ordered World*, pp. 219--20. -[^43]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, 262. +[^43]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, p. 262. [^44]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*; Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 2b*. @@ -1285,155 +1285,155 @@ York: Picador, 2008. iconography was mediated by the early temple at the site, which was built during Aspelta's reign, and whose reliefs could have been copied on M250, Török, *The Image of the Ordered - World*, 213. The 25th dynasty connections are seen, for example, in + World*, p. 213. The 25th dynasty connections are seen, for example, in the motif of spearing the enemy using a lance by piercing the enemy almost horizontally from above-fragments 809, 876, 828, 808, 857, 836, 916, 917, 928, Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe - 250*. I. 2b. This motif is known from the Amun temple at Gebel + 250. I. 2b*. This motif is known from the Amun temple at Gebel Barkal B500, from the reign of Piye, Spalinger, "Notes - on the military in Egypt during the XXVth Dynasty." 48, Figs. 3 and + on the Military in Egypt during the XXVth Dynasty," p. 48, Figs. 3 and 4. -[^46]: Wenig, *Africa in Antiquity*, 59--60. +[^46]: Wenig, *Africa in Antiquity*, pp. 59--60. [^47]: Hofmann, "Notizen zu den Kampfszenen am sogenannten - Sonnentempel von Meroe." 519--521. + Sonnentempel von Meroe," pp. 519--21. -[^48]: Chapman & Dunham, *Decorated Chapels of the +[^48]: Chapman and Dunham, *Decorated Chapels of the Meroitic Pyramids at Meroë and Barkal*, Pl. 17. -[^49]: Shinnie & Bradley, "The Murals from - the Augustus Temple, Meroe." 168, Fig. 1; Matić, "Der - Kopf einer Augustus-Statue aus Meroe". 70, Abb. 7. +[^49]: Shinnie and Bradley, "The Murals from + the Augustus Temple, Meroe," p. 168, Fig. 1; Matić, "Der + Kopf einer Augustus-Statue aus Meroe," p. 70, Abb. 7. [^50]: Wöß, "The Representations of Captives and Enemies - in Meroitic Art." 589. + in Meroitic Art," p. 589. [^51]: Lohwasser, "Kush and her Neighbours beyond the Nile - Valley In The Fourth Cataract and Beyond." 131. + Valley In The Fourth Cataract and Beyond," p. 131. -[^52]: FHN III, 831; Jones, *Strabo. The Geography Vol. - VIII*, 139. +[^52]: FHN III, p. 831; Jones, *Strabo. The Geography Vol. + VIII*, p. 139. [^53]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, - 189--190. + pp. 189--90. -[^54]: Minas-Nerpel & Pfeiffer, +[^54]: Minas-Nerpel and Pfeiffer, "Establishing Roman Rule in Egypt: The Trilingual Stela of C. - Cornelius Gallus from Philae." 285--288. + Cornelius Gallus from Philae," pp. 285--8. -[^55]: Kormysheva, "Political relations between the Roman - Empire." 306; Török, *Between the Two Worlds*, - 434--436. +[^55]: Kormysheva, "Political Relations between the Roman + Empire," p. 306; Török, *Between the Two Worlds*, + pp. 434--6. [^56]: Jameson, "Chronology of the Campaigns of Aelius - Gallus and C. Petronius." 77; Török, *Between the Two - Worlds*, 441. + Gallus and C. Petronius," p. 77; Török, *Between the Two + Worlds*, p. 441. -[^57]: Török, *The Kingdom of Kush*, 449; - Török, *Between the Two Worlds*, 441. +[^57]: Török, *The Kingdom of Kush*, p. 449; + Török, *Between the Two Worlds*, p. 441. -[^58]: Török, *Meroe City*, 185. +[^58]: Török, *Meroe City*, p. 185. -[^59]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, 142. +[^59]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, p. 142. -[^60]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, 139. +[^60]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, p. 139. [^61]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, - 140--141, 257, Abb. 39, 40, 41, 42; Abb. 95. + pp. 140--1, Abb. 39, 40, 41, 42; p. 257, Abb. 95. -[^62]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, 140. - 257; Abb. 38, Abb. 95. +[^62]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, p. 140, + Abb. 38; p. 257, Abb. 95. -[^63]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250*. I. 2b, C10. +[^63]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 2b*, C10. -[^64]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250*. I. 2b, C10. +[^64]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 2b*, C10. [^65]: For example, in tribute scenes from the tombs of Useramun-TT 131, Rekhmire-TT 100, Horemhab-TT 78 but also the Beit el-Wali temple of - Ramesses II, Matić, "Children on the move: *ms.w wr.w* - in the New Kingdom procession scenes." 378--379, Fig. 12. + Ramesses II, Matić, "Children on the Move: *ms.w wr.w* + in the New Kingdom Procession Scenes." pp. 378--9, Fig. 12. -[^66]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, 189. +[^66]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, p. 189. -[^67]: FHN III, 831; Jones, *Strabo. The Geography Vol. - VIII*, 139. +[^67]: FHN III, p. 831; Jones, *Strabo. The Geography Vol. + VIII*, p. 139. [^68]: Hinkel, *Der Tempelkomplex Meroe 250. I. 1*, - 138--139, Abb. 37b. + pp. 138--9, Abb. 37b. -[^69]: Török, *The Image of the Ordered World,* 220; - Breyer, *Einführung in die Meroitistik*, 67. +[^69]: Török, *The Image of the Ordered World,* p. 220; + Breyer, *Einführung in die Meroitistik*, p. 67. -[^70]: FHN III, 831; Jones, *Strabo. The Geography Vol. - VIII*, 139. +[^70]: FHN III, p. 831; Jones, *Strabo. The Geography Vol. + VIII*, p. 139. -[^71]: Rilly & De Voogt, *The Meroitic - Language and Writing System*, 185 +[^71]: Rilly and De Voogt, *The Meroitic + Language and Writing System*, p. 185. -[^72]: Rilly, "Meroitische Texte aus Naga." 190; +[^72]: Rilly, "Meroitische Texte aus Naga," p. 190; Matić, "Die \'\'römische\'\' Feinde in der meroitischen - Kunst." 258. + Kunst," p. 258. [^73]: Matić, "Traditionally Unharmed? Women and Children - in NK Battle Scenes." 245--260; Matić, *Body and - Frames of War in New Kingdom Egypt*, 139--148. + in NK Battle Scenes," pp. 245--60; Matić, *Body and + Frames of War in New Kingdom Egypt*, pp. 139--48. -[^74]: Strathern, *Before and After Gender*, 21. +[^74]: Strathern, *Before and After Gender*, p. 21. -[^75]: Parkinson, "Homosexual' desire and Middle Kingdom literature"; - Matić, *Body and Frames of War*, 139--148; +[^75]: Parkinson, "Homosexual' Desire and Middle Kingdom Literature"; + Matić, *Body and Frames of War*, pp. 139--48; Matić, *Violence and Gender in Ancient Egypt*. -[^76]: Grimal, *La Stèle Triomphale,* 177; FHN I, 111. +[^76]: Grimal, *La Stèle Triomphale,* p. 177; FHN I, p. 111. -[^77]: Grimal, *La Stèle Triomphale*, 176. +[^77]: Grimal, *La Stèle Triomphale*, p. 176. -[^78]: Goedicke, *Pi(ankhy) in Egypt*, 172. +[^78]: Goedicke, *Pi(ankhy) in Egypt*, p. 172. -[^79]: Ritner, *The Libyan Anarchy*, 492. +[^79]: Ritner, *The Libyan Anarchy*, p. 492. -[^80]: el Hawary, *Wortschöpfung*, 243. +[^80]: El Hawary, *Wortschöpfung*, p. 243. -[^81]: O'Connor & Quirke, "Introduction: - Mapping the Unknown in Ancient Egypt." 18. +[^81]: O'Connor and Quirke, "Introduction: + Mapping the Unknown in Ancient Egypt," p. 18. [^82]: For a detailed analysis see Lavik, *A People Tall and Smooth-Skinned*. -[^83]: el Hawary, *Wortschöpfung*, 281. +[^83]: El Hawary, *Wortschöpfung*, p. 281. -[^84]: Ritner, *The Libyan Anarchy*. 477, 490. +[^84]: Ritner, *The Libyan Anarchy*. pp. 477 and 490. -[^85]: Dieleman, "Fear of Women?" 14. +[^85]: Dieleman, "Fear of Women?," p. 14. -[^86]: FHN I, 84. +[^86]: FHN I, p. 84. -[^87]: Karlsson, "Gender and Kushite State Ideology". +[^87]: Karlsson, "Gender and Kushite State Ideology." -[^88]: FHN II, 450. +[^88]: FHN II, p. 450. [^89]: Matić, *Violence and Gender in Ancient Egypt*. -[^90]: FHN II, 653. +[^90]: FHN II, p. 653. -[^91]: FHN III, 816. +[^91]: FHN III, p. 816. -[^92]: FHN III, 831; Jones, *Strabo. The Geography Vol. - VII*I, 139. +[^92]: FHN III, p. 831; Jones, *Strabo. The Geography Vol. + VIII*, p. 139. [^93]: Lohwasser, "The Role and Status of Royal Women in - Kush" 64; Lohwasser & Philipps, "Women - in Ancient Kush", 1021. + Kush," p. 64; Lohwasser and Philipps, "Women + in Ancient Kush," p. 1021. -[^94]: McCoskey, "Gender at the crossroads of empire". - 61--68. +[^94]: McCoskey, "Gender at the Crossroads of Empire". + pp. 61--8. -[^95]: Wilkins, Barnard & - Rose, "Roman Artillery Balls from Qasr Ibrim, Egypt." - 71, 75, Pl. 8, 4F. +[^95]: Wilkins, Barnard, and + Rose, "Roman Artillery Balls from Qasr Ibrim, Egypt," + pp. 71 and 75, Pl. 8, 4F. -[^96]: Hall, *The Pharaoh Smites His Enemy*, 44. +[^96]: Hall, *The Pharaoh Smites His Enemy*, p. 44. [^97]: Queen Tiye (ca. 1398-1338 BCE) of the 18th Dynasty is depicted trampling over enemies in the guise of a female sphinx. Queen @@ -1442,59 +1442,59 @@ York: Picador, 2008. argued that we can observe a clear gender structure behind such images, and that the status of queens smiting enemies is lower than the status of the king smiting male enemies, Matić, - "Her striking but cold beauty: Gender and violence in depictions of - Queen Nefertiti smiting the enemies." 103--121. + "Her Striking but Cold Beauty: Gender and Violence in Depictions of + Queen Nefertiti Smiting the Enemies," pp. 103--21. -[^98]: Matić, "Her striking but cold beauty: Gender and - violence in depictions of Queen Nefertiti smiting the enemies." - 103--121; Matić, "Traditionally Unharmed? Women and - Children in NK Battle Scenes." 245--260; Matić, *Body - and Frames of War in New Kingdom Egypt*, 139--148. +[^98]: Matić, "Her Striking but Cold Beauty: Gender and + Violence in Depictions of Queen Nefertiti Smiting the Enemies," + pp. 103--21; Matić, "Traditionally Unharmed? Women and + Children in NK Battle Scenes," pp. 245--60; Matić, *Body + and Frames of War in New Kingdom Egypt*, pp. 139--48. [^99]: Williamson, "Alone before the God: Gender, Status, - and Nefertiti's Image." 179--192. + and Nefertiti's Image," pp. 179--92. [^100]: Matić, *Violence and Gender in Ancient Egypt*. -[^101]: Chapman & Dunham, *Decorated Chapels +[^101]: Chapman and Dunham, *Decorated Chapels of the Meroitic Pyramids at Meroë and Barkal*, Pl. 17. -[^102]: Rilly, "Meroitische Texte aus Naga." Abb. 218. +[^102]: Rilly, "Meroitische Texte aus Naga," Abb. 218. -[^103]: Chapman & Dunham, *Decorated Chapels +[^103]: Chapman and Dunham, *Decorated Chapels of the Meroitic Pyramids at Meroë and Barkal*, Pl. 7A. -[^104]: Chapman & Dunham, *Decorated Chapels - of the Meroitic Pyramids at Meroë and Barkal*, Pls. 18B. and 18D. +[^104]: Chapman and Dunham, *Decorated Chapels + of the Meroitic Pyramids at Meroë and Barkal*, Pls. 18B and 18D. [^105]: Gamer-Wallert, *Der Löwentempel von Naqa in der Butana (Sudan) III*, Bl. 1-2. [^106]: Pomerantseva, "The View on Meroitic Kings and - Queens as it is Reflected in their Iconography." 625. + Queens as it is Reflected in their Iconography," p. 625. -[^107]: Phillips, "Women in Ancient Nubia" 292. +[^107]: Phillips, "Women in Ancient Nubia," p. 292. -[^108]: Matić, "Her striking but cold beauty: Gender and - violence in depictions of Queen Nefertiti smiting the enemies." - 116--117. +[^108]: Matić, "Her Striking but Cold Beauty: Gender and + Violence in Depictions of Queen Nefertiti Smiting the Enemies," + pp. 116--7. [^109]: For exceptionality and the possible divinization of Amanirenas - (1st century CE) see Zach, "A Remark on the 'Akinidad' - Stela REM 1003 (British Museum EA 1650)." 149. + (1st century CE), see Zach, "A Remark on the 'Akinidad' + Stela REM 1003 (British Museum EA 1650)," p. 149. -[^110]: Matić, "Pharaonic Plunder Economy". +[^110]: Matić, "Pharaonic Plunder Economy." [^111]: Matić, *Violence and Gender in Ancient Egypt*. [^112]: For weapons in female burials of the Kerma period interpreted as symbols of status, see Hafsaas-Tsakos, "Edges of - bronze and expressions of masculinity." 89. Henriette - Hafsaas-Tsakos has in personal communication informed + Bronze and Expressions of Masculinity," p. 89. Henriette + Hafsaas has in personal communication informed me that she considers investigating this topic further and maybe revising her conclusions. [^113]: For the military activities of Ahhotep and Hatshepsut see, Matić, *Violence and Gender in Ancient Egypt*; - Taterka, "Military expeditions of King Hatshepsut." - 90--106. + Taterka, "Military expeditions of King Hatshepsut," + pp. 90--106.