From 5a431fb39754ca50fd7cc8e3d5dc05a3d73ca8ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alexandros Tsakos Date: Wed, 12 Apr 2023 17:46:24 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] tsakos corr --- content/article/honegger.md | 2 +- content/article/tsakos.md | 178 ++++++++++++++++++------------------ 2 files changed, 89 insertions(+), 91 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/article/honegger.md b/content/article/honegger.md index f348403..0e70177 100644 --- a/content/article/honegger.md +++ b/content/article/honegger.md @@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ Neb-hepet-Re\'-Mentu-entu-Hotpe*. Publications of the Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition, 16. New York, 1945. [^1]: Bonnet, "Les fouilles archéologiques de Kerma (Soudan)," 1982, - pp. 15-19; 1984, p. 17; 1986, p. 12; 1995, p. 44. + pp. 15-9; 1984, p. 17; 1986, p. 12; 1995, p. 44. [^2]: Bonnet, "Les fouilles archéologiques de Kerma (Soudan)," 1982, pp. 15-9. diff --git a/content/article/tsakos.md b/content/article/tsakos.md index 3896e02..35b6498 100644 --- a/content/article/tsakos.md +++ b/content/article/tsakos.md @@ -394,8 +394,8 @@ the context of the present paper, namely that the word that translates the Greek term ἀρχιστράτηγος in Old Nubian is ⲥⲟⳟⲟⳝ, which is most probably the term used to define an Eparch of the Makuritan kingdom,[^60] more often than not (but not exclusively) linked with the -Late Antique kingdom of Nobadia controlling between the 4^th^-5^th^ and -the 6^th^-7^th^ centuries Lower Nubia. +Late Antique kingdom of Nobadia controlling between the 4th-5th and +the 6th-7th centuries Lower Nubia. There are, however, more Eparchs attested in the Nubian sources than just the Eparch of Nobadia. Whether all Eparchs were Songoj or whether @@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ Warsaw: Centre Professeur Kazimierz Michalowski d\'Archéologie Méditerranéenne de l\'Université de Varsovie: Centre d\'Archéologie Méditerranéenne de l\'Académie polonaise des Sciences, 1992. ----------. "Old Nubian literature." In *Études Nubiennes. Conférence de +---------. "Old Nubian Literature." In *Études Nubiennes. Conférence de Genève, Actes du VIIe* *Congrès international d'études nubiennes, 3--8 septembre 1990*, I: *Communications principales*, edited by Charles Bonnet, pp. 379-87. Geneva: Compotronic SA, 1992. @@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ Bonnet, pp. 379-87. Geneva: Compotronic SA, 1992. --------- . *The Old Nubian Martyrdom of Saint George* \[=CSCO 575. Subsidia t. 101\]. Louvain: Peeters, 1998. ---------- . "An Old Nubian translation of the Martyrdom of Saint +--------- . "An Old Nubian Translation of the Martyrdom of Saint Epimachus." *Le muséon* 115 (2002): pp. 69--76. Budge, E. A. W. *Miscellaneous Texts in the Dialect of @@ -536,35 +536,35 @@ Upper Egypt*. Coptic Texts; Edited with Introductions and English Translations, 5. London: British Museum, 1915. Crawford, Osbert Guy Stanhope. *Castles and Churches in the -Middle Nile Region* \[=Sudan Antiquities Service Occasional Papers 2). +Middle Nile Region* \[=Sudan Antiquities Service Occasional Papers 2\]. Khartoum, 1953. -Derda, Tomasz and Adam Łajtar. "Greek and -Latin papyri from the Egypt Exploration Society excavations at Qasr -Ibrim: A testimony to the Roman army in Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia in -the first years of Augustus." In *Actes du 26e Congrès international de +Derda, Tomasz, and Adam Łajtar. "Greek and +Latin Papyri from the Egypt Exploration Society Excavations at Qasr +Ibrim: A Testimony to the Roman Army in Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia in +the First Years of Augustus." In *Actes du 26e Congrès international de papyrologie, Genève, 16--21 août 2010*, edited by Paul Schubert, pp. 183--186. Geneva: Libraire Droz, 2012. --------- . "The Roman Occupation of Qasr Ibrim as Reflected in the -Greek Papyri from the Site." In *Qasr Ibrim, Between Egypt and Africa*, +Greek Papyri from the Site." In *Qasr Ibrim, between Egypt and Africa*, edited by Jacques Van der Vliet and Joost -Hagen, pp. 105-110. Leuven: Peeters, 2013. +Hagen, pp. 105-10. Leuven: Peeters, 2013. -Drzewiecki, Mariusz. *Mighty Kingdoms and their Forts. The +Drzewiecki, Mariusz. *Mighty Kingdoms and Their Forts. The Role of Fortified Sites in the Fall of Meroe and Rise of Medieval Realms -in Upper Nubia* (Nubia VI). Warsaw: Institute of Mediterranean and +in Upper Nubia* \[=Nubia VI\]. Warsaw: Institute of Mediterranean and Oriental Cultures, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2016. --------- . "Roman Type Forts in the Middle Nile Valley. Late Antique Fortlets between Patterns of Roman Military Architecture and Local Tradition." In *Experiencing the Frontier and the Frontier Experience. Barbarian Perspectives and Roman Strategies to Deal with New Threats*, -edited by Alexander Rubel and Hans-Ulrich Voß, pp. 179-192. Oxford: +edited by Alexander Rubel and Hans-Ulrich Voß, pp. 179-92. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020. -Edwards, David N. "The *Christianisation* of *Nubia*: some -archaeological pointers." *Sudan & Nubia* 5 (2001): pp. 89--96. +Edwards, David N. "The Christianisation of Nubia: Some +Archaeological Pointers." *Sudan & Nubia* 5 (2001): pp. 89--96. --------- . "Slavery and Slaving in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Kingdoms of the Middle Nile." *Proceedings of the British Academy* 168 @@ -572,15 +572,15 @@ Kingdoms of the Middle Nile." *Proceedings of the British Academy* 168 Esbroeck, Michel van. "Epimachus of Pelusium, Saint." In *The Coptic Encyclopedia*, vol. 3, edited by Aziz S. -Atiya, pp. 965b-967a. New York: MacMillan, 1991. -\[https://ccdl.claremont.edu/digital/collection/cce/id/792\] last -accessed in February 2021. +Atiya, pp. 965b-7a. New York: MacMillan, 1991. +\[https://ccdl.claremont.edu/digital/collection/cce/id/792, last +accessed in February 2021\]. --------- . "Mercurius of Caesarea, Saint." In *The Coptic Encyclopedia*, vol. 5, edited by Aziz S. Atiya, pp. -1592a-1594a. New York: MacMillan, 1991. -\[https://ccdl.claremont.edu/digital/collection/cce/id/1327\] last -accessed in February 2021. +1592a-4a. New York: MacMillan, 1991. +\[https://ccdl.claremont.edu/digital/collection/cce/id/1327, last +accessed in February 2021\]. Foulon, Eric. "Hypaspistes, peltastes, chrysaspides, argyraspides, chalcaspides." *Revue des études anciennes* 98 (1996): pp. @@ -593,18 +593,18 @@ royaume de Méroé : Les enterrements privés* \[=Orient et Méditerranée Frend, William H.C. "The Cult of Military Saints in Christian Nubia." In *Theologia Crucis -- Signum Crucis. Festschrift für Erich Dinkler zum 70. Geburtstag*, edited by Carl Andersen -and Günter Klein, pp. 155-163. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, +and Günter Klein, pp. 155-63. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1979. ---------- . "Fragments of a version of the Acta S. Georgii from Q\'asr +--------- . "Fragments of a Version of the Acta S. Georgii from Q\'asr Ibrim." *Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum* 32 (1989): pp. 89-104. -Van Gerven Oei, Vincent WJ. *A Reference Grammar of Old +Van Gerven Oei, Vincent W.J. *A Reference Grammar of Old Nubian*. Leuven: Peeters, 2021. Van Gerven Oei, Vincent W.J., Vincent Laisney, Giovanni Ruffini, Alexandros Tsakos, Kerstin -Weber and Petra Weschenfelder, *The Old +Weber, and Petra Weschenfelder, *The Old Nubian Texts from Attiri*. \[=Dotawo Monographs 1\]. n/a: Punctum, 2016. Van Gerven Oei, Vincent W.J., and Alexandros Tsakos. @@ -612,10 +612,12 @@ Van Gerven Oei, Vincent W.J., and Alexandros Tsakos. Ivan Miroshnikov. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, forthcoming. Griffith, Francis Llewellyn. "Christian Documents from -Nubia." *Proceedings of the British Academy* 14 (1928): pp. 117-146. +Nubia." *Proceedings of the British Academy* 14 (1928): pp. 117-46. -Hafsaas-Tsakos, Henriette. "Edges of bronze -and expressions of masculinity: The emergence of a warrior class at +Hafsaas Henriette, and Alexandros Tsakos. "Michael and other archangels behind an eight-pointed cross-symbol from Medieval Nubia: A view from Sai Island in northern Sudan," *Pharos Journal of Theology* \[DOI: https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.102.12\]. + +Hafsaas-Tsakos, Henriette. "Edges of Bronze +and Expressions of Masculinity: The Emergence of a Warrior Class at Kerma in Sudan." *Antiquity*, 87/335 (2013): pp. 79-91. Hafsaas-Tsakos, Henriette. *War on the @@ -623,12 +625,12 @@ Southern Frontier of the Emerging State of Ancient Egypt: A Warfare Perspective on the History of the A-Group People in Lower Nubia during the 4th millennium BCE*. PhD thesis. University of Bergen, 2015. -Hendrickx, Benjamin, "The "Lord of the Mountain". A Study +Hendrickx, Benjamin. "The "Lord of the Mountain". A Study of the Nubian *eparchos of Nobadia*." *Le Muséon* 124/3-4 (2011): pp. -303-355. +303-55. -Hägg, Tomas. "Titles and honorific epithets in Nubian -Greek texts." *Symbolae Osloenses* 65 (1990): pp. 147-177. +Hägg, Tomas. "Titles and Honorific Epithets in Nubian +Greek texts." *Symbolae Osloenses* 65 (1990): pp. 147-77. Jakobielski, Stefan. *Pachoras/Faras: The Wall Paintings from the Cathedrals of Aetios, Paulos and Petros* \[=PAM Monograph @@ -641,8 +643,8 @@ Koukounas, Konstantinos, *Georgios Phrantzes, Chronicon*. Athens: Politeia 2018 (in Greek: [Κουκούνας Κωνσταντίνος (επ.), *Χρονικό. Φραντζής Γεώργιος (Σφραντζής)*. Αθήνα: Πολιτεία 2018) -Lenoble, Patrice. *El-Hobagi: Une Necropole de Rang -Imperial Au Soudan Central* (Fouilles de l\'Institut Francais +Lenoble, Patrice. *El-Hobagi: Une necropole de rang +imperial au Soudan Central* (Fouilles de l\'Institut Francais d\'Archeologie Orientale). Cairo: IFAO, 2018. Łajtar, Adam. "On the Name of the Capital of the Nubian @@ -672,17 +674,17 @@ Collection of the National Museum in Warsaw*. Warsaw, 1974. Osman, Ali. "The Post-Medieval Kingdom of Kokka: A Means for a Better Understanding of the Administration of the Medieval Kingdom of Dongola." In *Nubian Studies*, edited by Jack Martin Plumley, pp. -185-197. Cambridge, 1978. +185-97. Cambridge, 1978. Ostrogorsky, George. "Observations on the Aristocracy in Byzantium." *Dumbarton Oaks Papers* 25 (1971): pp. 1-32. Piankoff, Alexandre. "Peintures au monastère de Saint Antoine." *Bullétin de la Société d'archéologie copte* XIV (1958): pp. -151-163. +151-63. -Plumley, Jack Martin and Gerald Michael -Browne, *Old Nubian Texts from Qasr Ibrim, volume 1*. +Plumley, Jack Martin, and Gerald Michael +Browne, *Old Nubian Texts from Qasr Ibrim, Volume 1*. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1988. Ruffini, Giovanni. *Medieval Nubia: A Social and Economic @@ -724,10 +726,7 @@ forthcoming. in Nubia". In *Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Nubian Studies*, edited by Vincent Rondot. Paris, forthcoming*.* ---------- . "The Christianization of Nubia". In *Christianization -Processes along the Nile: Texts, Monasticism and Ecclesiastic Structures -in Egypt, Ethiopia and Nubia*, edited by [Derat, -Marie-Laure and Alexandros Tsakos. Paris, in preparation. +--------- . "The Christianization of Nubia". In preparation. Vantini, Giovanni Fr. *Oriental Sources Concerning Nubia*. Warsaw -- Heidelberg, 1975. @@ -742,11 +741,11 @@ Meroitic Empires*. London: British Museum Press, 1996. --------- . *The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia. Pagans, Christians and Muslims along the Middle Nile*. London: British Museum Press, 2012. -Zielińska, Dobrochna and Alexandros Tsakos. +Zielińska, Dobrochna, and Alexandros Tsakos. "Representations of the Archangel Michael in Wall Paintings from Christian Nubia." In *The Archangel Michael in Africa: History, Cult and Persona*, edited by Ingvild Sælid Gilhus, Alexandros -Tsakos and Marta Camilla[Wright, pp. 79-94. +Tsakos, and Marta Camilla Wright, pp. 79-94. London-New York-Oxford-New Delhi-Sydney: Bloomsbury Academics 2019. Żurawski, Bogdan. "Strongholds on the Middle Nile: Nubian @@ -762,14 +761,14 @@ Vogel, pp. 113-43. Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institut 2013. [^2]: For a general presentation, see Welsby, *The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia*, pp. 78-82. -[^3]: Edwards, "The *Christianisation* of *Nubia*: some - archaeological pointers", p. 89 +[^3]: Edwards, "The Christianisation of Nubia: Some + Archaeological Pointers," p. 89 [^4]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, *War on the Southern Frontier of the Emerging State of Ancient Egypt*. -[^5]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, "Edges of bronze and expressions of masculinity: - The emergence of a warrior class at Kerma in Sudan". +[^5]: Hafsaas-Tsakos, "Edges of Bronze and Expressions of Masculinity: + The Emergence of a Warrior Class at Kerma in Sudan." [^6]: Welsby, *The Kingdom of Kush*, pp. 39-50. @@ -779,22 +778,22 @@ Vogel, pp. 113-43. Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institut 2013. [^8]: Lenoble, *El-Hobagi*. [^9]: Crawford, *Castles and Churches in the Middle Nile - Region.* + Region*. -[^10]: Drzewiecki, *Mighty Kingdoms and their Forts.* +[^10]: Drzewiecki, *Mighty Kingdoms and their Forts*. [^11]: Vantini, *Oriental Sources Concerning Nubia*; Seignobos, *L'Égypte et la Nubie à l'époque - médiévale.* + médiévale*. [^12]: Edwards, "Slavery and Slaving in the Medieval and - Post-Medieval Kingdoms of the Middle Nile". + Post-Medieval Kingdoms of the Middle Nile." [^13]: All the Old Nubian words assembled in this study can be found in Browne, Old Nubian Dictionary (hence OND). [^14]: Frend, "The Cult of Military Saints in Christian - Nubia". + Nubia." [^15]: For the correction of the date from 1156, see Ruffini, *Medieval Nubia: A Social and Economic @@ -814,52 +813,51 @@ Vogel, pp. 113-43. Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institut 2013. [^20]: Łajtar, *A Late Christian Pilgrimage Centre in Nubia. The Evidence of Wall Inscriptions in the Upper Church at - Banganarti*, pp. 383-385 (inscription nr. 578). The citation is from + Banganarti*, pp. 383-85 (inscription nr. 578). The citation is from p. 384. [^21]: Idem, p. 562-3 and inscription 964. [^22]: Tsakos, "Miscellanea Epigraphica Nubica III: - Epimachos of Attiri: a Warrior Saint of Late Christian Nubia", pp. + Epimachos of Attiri: a Warrior Saint of Late Christian Nubia," pp. 215-7. -[^23]: Esbroeck, "Epimachus of Pelusium, Saint", *Coptic - Encyclopedia*, pp. 965b-967a. +[^23]: Esbroeck, "Epimachus of Pelusium, Saint," pp. 965b-7a. [^24]: Van der Vliet, *I. Khartoum Copt.*, pp. 83-4 (nr. 24). [^25]: Browne, "An Old Nubian Version of the Martyrdom of Saint Epimachus" and "An Old Nubian translation of the Martyrdom of - Saint Epimachus". + Saint Epimachus." [^26]: See Tsakos, "Miscellanea Epigraphica Nubica III: - Epimachos of Attiri: a Warrior Saint of Late Christian Nubia", p. + Epimachos of Attiri: a Warrior Saint of Late Christian Nubia," p. 213 with an image of the plaque and pp. 220-1 for the other representations with references [^27]: Frend, "The Cult of Military Saints in Christian - Nubia", pp. 156-8. + Nubia," pp. 156-8. [^28]: For the reference, see Idem, p. 157 and note 9. [^29]: Piankoff, "Peintures au monastère de Saint - Antoine", p. 160 and ill. IV. + Antoine," p. 160 and ill. IV. -[^30]: Esbroeck, "Mercurius of Caesarea, Saint", pp. +[^30]: Esbroeck, "Mercurius of Caesarea, Saint," pp. 1593b-1594a. [^31]: See Frend, "The Cult of Military Saints in - Christian Nubia", p. 157 for references. + Christian Nubia," p. 157 for references. [^32]: Vantini, *Oriental Sources Concerning Nubia*, p. 40; Seignobos, *L'Égypte et la Nubie à l'époque médiévale*, p. 96. -[^33]: Tsakos, "The Christianization of Nubia". +[^33]: Tsakos, "The Christianization of Nubia." [^34]: For the find from Qasr Ibrim, see Frend, "Fragments - of a version of the Acta S. Georgii from Q\'asr Ibrim". For the find + of a version of the Acta S. Georgii from Q\'asr Ibrim." For the find from Kulubnarti, see Browne, *The Old Nubian Martyrdom of Saint George*. @@ -871,21 +869,21 @@ Vogel, pp. 113-43. Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institut 2013. Banganarti*, pp. 20-30. [^37]: Frend, "Fragments of a version of the Acta S. - Georgii from Q\'asr Ibrim", pp. 103-4. + Georgii from Q\'asr Ibrim," pp. 103-4. [^38]: Idem., p. 94. [^39]: See Derda and Łajtar, "Greek and Latin papyri from the Egypt Exploration Society excavations at Qasr Ibrim: A testimony to the Roman army in Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia - in the first years of Augustus", p. 185; Derda and + in the first years of Augustus," p. 185; Derda and Łajtar, "The Roman Occupation of Qasr Ibrim as - Reflected in the Greek Papyri from the Site", pp. 105-6 and notes 1 + Reflected in the Greek Papyri from the Site," pp. 105-6 and notes 1 and 2 for references. [^40]: Drzewiecki, "Roman Type Forts in the Middle Nile Valley. Late Antique Fortlets between Patterns of Roman Military - Architecture and Local Tradition". + Architecture and Local Tradition." [^41]: Browne, *The Old Nubian Martyrdom of Saint George*, p. 11. @@ -896,19 +894,19 @@ Vogel, pp. 113-43. Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institut 2013. [^43]: This passage has been interpreted as a later interpolation by the copyist of the original work in Old Nubian, see Van Gerven Oei and Tsakos, "Apostolic Memoirs in Old - Nubian". + Nubian." [^44]: It should be noted that two more terms may be linked with ⲅⲟⲩⲉⲓ for "shield": the first is ⲅⲟⲩϣ (or ⲅⲟⲩⲥ), perhaps from ⲅⲟⲩⲉⲓ for "shield" and ϣⲁ for "spear", but [Osman, "The Post-Medieval Kingdom of Kokka: A Means for a Better Understanding - of the Administration of the Medieval Kingdom of Dongola", p. 191 + of the Administration of the Medieval Kingdom of Dongola," p. 191 proposes an alternative explanation of the word, albeit still interpreted as a military title; and the second is ⲅⲟⲩⲁⲇ, about which there is even less certainty. [^45]: Foulon, "Hypaspistes, peltastes, chrysaspides, - argyraspides, chalcaspides". + argyraspides, chalcaspides." [^46]: Maspero, *Organisation militaire de l'Égypte byzantine*, pp. 66-68. @@ -918,7 +916,7 @@ Vogel, pp. 113-43. Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institut 2013. 1095-1402*. [^48]: Ostrogorsky, "Observations on the Aristocracy in - Byzantium", pp. 13-14 + Byzantium," pp. 13-14 [^49]: Koukounas, *Georgios Phrantzes, Chronicon*. @@ -934,17 +932,17 @@ Vogel, pp. 113-43. Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institut 2013. médiévale*, p. 53-91. [^53]: Łajtar, "On the Name of the Capital of the Nubian - Kingdom of Makuria". + Kingdom of Makuria." [^54]: Budge, *Miscellaneous Texts in the Dialect of Upper Egypt*, pp. 858-61. [^55]: Zielińska and Tsakos, "Representations of the Archangel Michael in Wall Paintings from - Christian Nubia", pp. 85-6. + Christian Nubia," pp. 85-6. -[^56]: Tsakos, "Sources about the cult and persona of the - archangel Michael in Nubia". +[^56]: See Hafsaas and Tsakos, "Michael and other archangels behind an eight-pointed cross-symbol from Medieval Nubia: A view from Sai Island in northern Sudan"; Tsakos, "Sources about the cult and persona of the + archangel Michael in Nubia." [^57]: For the use of the title archistratēgos for the archangel Raphael, see Łajtar, *A Late Christian Pilgrimage @@ -952,11 +950,11 @@ Vogel, pp. 113-43. Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institut 2013. Church at Banganarti*, p. 46. [^58]: Tsakos, "The Liber Institutionis Michaelis in - Medieval Nubia". + Medieval Nubia." [^59]: About this coincidence, see Browne, "Old Nubian - literature", p. 382 and Tsakos "Textual finds from - Cerre Matto". + literature," p. 382; Tsakos, "Textual finds from + Cerre Matto." [^60]: Ruffini, *Medieval Nubia: A Social and Economic History*, pp. 34-5. @@ -976,26 +974,26 @@ Vogel, pp. 113-43. Cologne: Heinrich Barth Institut 2013. [^64]: For a discussion framed as background for an analysis of the title "Eparch of Nobadia," see Hendrickx, "The "Lord - of the Mountain". A Study of the Nubian *eparchos of Nobadia*". + of the Mountain". A Study of the Nubian *eparchos of Nobadia*." [^65]: Mason, *Greek Terms for Roman Institutions: A Lexicon and Analysis*, pp. 138-40. [^66]: Żurawski, "Strongholds on the Middle Nile: Nubian - Fortifications of the Middle Ages", pp. 115-8. + Fortifications of the Middle Ages," pp. 115-8. [^67]: Tsakos, "Terms for Boats and Navigation in Old - Nubia". + Nubia." [^68]: Żurawski, "Strongholds on the Middle Nile: Nubian - Fortifications of the Middle Ages", p. 116. + Fortifications of the Middle Ages," p. 116. [^69]: Welsby, *The Kingdom of Kush*, p. 40 -[^70]: Hägg, "Titles and honorific epithets in Nubian - Greek texts", pp. 161-2. +[^70]: Hägg, "Titles and Honorific Epithets in Nubian + Greek texts," pp. 161-2. -[^71]: Griffith, "Christian Documents from Nubia", pp. - 134-45; [Łajtar, "The so-called Kudanbes Inscription in +[^71]: Griffith, "Christian Documents from Nubia," pp. + 134-45; Łajtar, "The so-called Kudanbes Inscription in Deir Anba Hadra (St. Simeon Monastery) near Aswan: An Attempt at a - New Reading and Interpretation". + New Reading and Interpretation."